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Lecture 2
Terminology and Body Plan for
the Human Body
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Anatomical Position:
The Standard for Reference
• Anatomical Position
– Body erect, face forward,
feet together, palms face
forward
• Other Body Positions
– Supine: lying face upward
– Prone: lying face downward
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Body Planes
• Sagittal / Midsagittal
(Median)/ Parasagittal
• Frontal (Coronal)
• Transverse (Horizontal) /
Cross
• Oblique: Other than at a
right angle
Fig. 1.5
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Terminology and Body Plan
• Directional Terms
– Superior versus
Inferior
– Anterior/Ventral
versus
Posterior/Dorsal
– Medial versus
Lateral
– Proximal versus
Distal
– Superficial versus
Deep
Fig. 1.7
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Body Parts and Regions
Nasal (nose)
Oral (mouth)
Orbital (eye)
Buccal (cheek)
Cephalic (head)
Thoracic (thorax)
Axillary (armpit)
Brachial (arm)
Abdominal (abdomen)
Antebrachial (forearm)
Coxal (hip)
Carpal (wrist)
Manus (hand)
Pelvic
Digital (finger)
Femoral (thigh)
Patellar (knee)
Crural (leg)
Tarsal (ankle)
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.Pes
Permission required for reproduction or display.
Modified from Fig. 1.8
(foot)
(a) Anterior view
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Body Parts and Regions
Otic (ear)
Thoracic (thorax)
Vertebral (spinal column)
Brachial (arm)
Abdominal (abdomen)
Antebrachial (forearm)
Gluteal (buttock)
Femoral (thigh)
Popliteal (back of knee)
Crural (leg)
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill
Companies, Inc. Permission required for
reproduction or display.
Modified from Fig. 1.8
Calcaneal (heel)
(b) Posterior view
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Review Question
Which of the following pairs of body parts and
directional terms is mismatched?
(a) Popliteal/femoral; distal
(b) Patellar/crural; proximal
(c) Antebrachial/abdomen; lateral
(d) Brachial/carpal; superior
(e) Abdominal/vertebral; anterior
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Body Cavities
Fig. 1.9
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Serous Membranes
• Cover the organs of trunk cavities & line them
– Parietal lines cavity walls
– Visceral covers organs
– Serous fluid secreted for lubrication by membranes
Fig. 1.10
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Serous Membranes
• Named for their
specific cavity & organs
–Pericardium refers to
heart
–Pleura refers to lungs
and thoracic cavity
–Peritoneum refers to
abdominopelvic cavity
Fig. 1.10
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Serous Membranes
retroperitoneal
Fig. 1.10
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Points to Remember
• Anatomical terms are very precise in anatomy so
that one can accurately describe the body and its
many parts.
• The anatomical position is our universal reference
for directional terms and body planes.
• Body cavities contain and often separate organs.
• Serous membranes cover the surfaces of organs
and the wall of the trunk cavity.
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Questions?
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