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General Terminology
Unit
Read Chapter 1: HW
pg 20
M/C #2, 4, 5
S.A. #8, 9
Basic Vocabulary
Anatomy—Study of
internal/external body
parts and relationships
•
Microscopic anatomy—
– cytology—analysis of
internal structure of
individual cells
– histology—studying
tissues
5/24/2017
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vmthpub.vetmed.wisc.edu
ltc.smm.org
2
Basic Vocabulary
Macroscopic (Gross)—
visible to naked eye,
many subdivisions
–
–
–
Surface Anatomy
Regional Anatomy
Systemic
Anatomy—our
focus
anatomy.med.umich.edu
www.ohsuhealth.co
m
5/24/2017
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jeffline.jefferson.edu
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Basic Vocabulary
Physiology—Study of functions of
human body
–
–
–
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Cell physiology—functions of cells
Systemic physiology—our focus—
looking at systems within body
Pathologic physiology—looking at
diseases and effects
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Systems of the Human Body
•
•
•
Integumentary
Skeletal
Muscular
www.drstandley.com
www.allposters.com
5/24/2017
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virtualastronaut.j
sc.nasa.gov
5
Systems of the Human Body
Nervous
Endocrine
Cardiovascular
www.howcomyoucom.com
health.enotes.com
www.infovisual.info
5/24/2017
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Systems of the Human Body
•
•
•
Lymphatic
Respiratory
Urinary
www.emc.maricopa.edu
home.comcast.net
5/24/2017
www.health.uab.edu
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Systems of the Human Body
•
•
Digestive
Reproductive
www.enchantedlearning.com
www.ohiocitizen.org
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Maintaining life:
•
•
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Systems don’t work in isolation. They
all work together to promote the wellbeing of the body as a whole.
(As we go through this material, you
should refresh your memory regarding
the different body systems by referring
to pages 5 and 6 in your text)
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Maintaining Life
Maintaining
Boundaries
•
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illumin.usc.edu
mayang.com
5/24/2017
Every living organism
must be able to
maintain it’s
boundaries so that
“inside” is different
than “outside”.
10
daviddarling.info
lowdensitylifestyle.com
Maintaining life
Movement
•
•
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such as propelling from one place to
another .
also occurs when substances are
propelled through the internal
organs.
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Maintaining life
Responsiveness (or irritability)
sk.lung.ca
•
•
5/24/2017
the ability sense changes in the
environment and then to react to
them.
When the level of Carbon Dioxide in
your blood rises to dangerously high
levels, the response of your body is
to increase your respiration rate to
rid the body of the excess carbon
dioxide.
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Maintaining life
•
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The process of
breaking down
food into
simple
molecules that
can then be
absorbed into
the bood for
delivery to all
body cells.
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nature.com
Digestion
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Maintaining life
Metabolism
•
broad term
that refers to
all chemical
reactions
that occur
within body
cells.
biocadmin.otago.ac.nz
5/24/2017
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Maintaining life
•
Excretion
is the
process of
removing
waste
products
from the
body.
matthewsanimalproject.wikispaces.com
5/24/2017
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Maintaining life
Reproduction
•
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explore.ecb.org
bbc-cnn-worldnews.blogspot.com
5/24/2017
The production of
offspring which can
occur at both a
cellular level as well
as the organismal
level.
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Maintaining life
Growth
•
aegisasia.com
5/24/2017
An increase in
size, usually
accomplished
by an increase
in the number
of cells.
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Homeostasis
•
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the body’s ability to
maintain relatively
stable internal
conditions even though
the external world is
constantly changing.
The control
mechanisms always
include a receptor,
control center and
effector.
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Control mechanisms for homeostasis
•
•
•
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Receptor—sensor that monitors inputs
(stimuli) and sends the info to
Control Center—analyzes info and
determines appropriate response
Effector—provides response to stimulus
and provides feedback to receptor
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Negative Feedback
•
Effect of
the
response
is to shut
off original
stimulus
or to
reduce its
intensity
(nearly all)
physiology-11.wikispaces.com
5/24/2017
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Positive Feedback
•
Effect of the response is to enhance the
stimuli so the reaction continues at a faster
rate (very rare)
mattk.com
5/24/2017
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Language of Anatomy
Anatomical position—
hands at sides with
palms forward
•
Become familiar with Table
1.1 and figures 1.5a and
1.5b—this will help you in
later chapters!
Supine—lying face up in
anatomical position
Prone—lying face down in
anatomical position
www.answers.com
5/24/2017
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Language of Anatomy con’t:
•
Superior/Cranial: Toward the head end of the
body.
–
•
Inferior/Caudal: Toward the foot end of the
body.
–
•
Eg. The foot is part of the inferior extremity; the
hips are caudal to the wrist.
Anterior/ventral: Belly side (only in humans,
not 4-legged animals)
–
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Eg. The hand is part of the superior extremity.
Eg. The kneecap is located on the anterior side of
the body.
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Language of Anatomy con’t:
Posterior/Dorsal—back (only in humans,
not 4-legged animals)
•
eg. The shoulder blades are located on the
posterior side of the body.
Medial—toward the midline of the body.
•
eg. The great toe is located on the medial side of the
foot.
Lateral—away from the midline of the
body
•
5/24/2017
eg. Moving laterally from the nose brings you to the
eyes.
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Language of Anatomy con’t:
Proximal—toward/nearest the trunk or the point of
origin of a part.
•
eg. The elbow is located on the proximal end of the forearm.
Distal—away from/farthest from the trunk or the
point of origin of a part.
•
eg. The hand is located on the distal end of the forearm.
Superficial—near/relatively near the surface of the
body.
•
eg. The skin is superficial to the muscles
Deep—farther from the body surface.
•
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eg. The bones are deep in the arm.
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Body Planes are sections
Sagittal—a lengthwise
plane running from
front to back that
divides a body into
right and left sides.
Median/Midsagittal—
sagittal plane
through the
midline; splitting
the body into right
and left halves.
www.norcalneuro.com
5/24/2017
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Body Planes are sections
Coronal/Frontal—lengthwise
plane running from side to side;
divides a body into anterior and
posterior parts.
Transverse—crosswise plane;
divides body into superior and
inferior parts.
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