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Respiratory and Urinary Systems Ridding the body of waste products Respiratory System--video 5/24/2017 Free PowerPoint Template from www.brainybetty.com 3 Respiratory System—Function • To supply oxygen to the blood while removing carbon dioxide from the blood • Filter, warm, and humidify air • Some organs influence speech and smell 5/24/2017 Free PowerPoint Template from www.brainybetty.com 4 Physiology of Respiration • Respiration is made up of 4 distinct events – Pulmonary ventilation—breathing air into/out of lungs • Inspiration: diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract which opens the thoracic cavity. This causes a vacuum and air rushes into lungs • Expiration: normally a passive process. As the muscles relax, the thoracic cavity becomes smaller so that air is “forced” out of lungs 5/24/2017 Free PowerPoint Template from www.brainybetty.com 5 Physiology con’t: • External respiration—gas exchange between blood and the alveoli via the capillaries surrounding the alveoli (takes place in the lungs) 5/24/2017 Free PowerPoint Template from www.brainybetty.com 6 Physiology con’t: • Respiratory gas exchange (Circulatory system function)— O2/CO2 must be transported to/from the lungs and cells of body • Internal respiration (Circulatory system function)—gas exchange made at the capillaries 5/24/2017 Free PowerPoint Template from www.brainybetty.com 7 Urinary System 5/24/2017 Free PowerPoint Template from www.brainybetty.com 8 Kidney—function • Form urine—waste products are filtered from blood and enter nephron. Additional wastes may be secreted into urine as well. • Helps to regulate many substances in the blood 5/24/2017 Free PowerPoint Template from www.brainybetty.com 9 Formation of Urine • Combination of three processes: –Filtering –Reabsorption –Secretion 5/24/2017 Free PowerPoint Template from www.brainybetty.com 10 Formation of Urine • Filtration—continuous process in each glomerulus –125ml/min = 180 L fluid filtered by kidneys each day…no one voids that much! –Most of the filtered substances are reabsorbed into the body. 5/24/2017 Free PowerPoint Template from www.brainybetty.com 11 Formation of Urine • Reabsorption –~178 L/day of liquid is reabsorbed into body –Glucose (usually) , amino acids, etc—anything the body needs will usually be reabsorbed. –Sodium reabsorption rates vary— depending on amount in body 5/24/2017 Free PowerPoint Template from www.brainybetty.com 12 Reabsorption con’t: • Nitrogenous wastes are not reabsorbed – Urea—formed by liver as end product of protein breakdown when amino acids are used as energy – Uric acid—when nucleic acids are broken down – Creatine—generally associated with physiology of muscles 5/24/2017 Free PowerPoint Template from www.brainybetty.com 13 Formation of Urine • Secretion –H+, K+, and drugs are deposited into urine Video of the process: 5/24/2017 Free PowerPoint Template from www.brainybetty.com 14