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Respiratory and Urinary
Systems
Ridding the body of
waste products
Respiratory System--video
5/24/2017
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Respiratory System—Function
• To supply oxygen to the blood
while removing carbon dioxide
from the blood
• Filter, warm, and humidify air
• Some organs influence speech
and smell
5/24/2017
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Physiology of Respiration
• Respiration is made up of 4 distinct
events
– Pulmonary ventilation—breathing air
into/out of lungs
• Inspiration: diaphragm and intercostal
muscles contract which opens the thoracic
cavity. This causes a vacuum and air rushes
into lungs
• Expiration: normally a passive process. As
the muscles relax, the thoracic cavity becomes
smaller so that air is “forced” out of lungs
5/24/2017
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Physiology con’t:
• External respiration—gas
exchange between blood and the
alveoli via the capillaries
surrounding the alveoli (takes
place in the lungs)
5/24/2017
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Physiology con’t:
• Respiratory gas exchange
(Circulatory system function)—
O2/CO2 must be transported to/from
the lungs and cells of body
• Internal respiration (Circulatory
system function)—gas exchange
made at the capillaries
5/24/2017
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Urinary System
5/24/2017
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Kidney—function
• Form urine—waste
products are filtered
from blood and enter
nephron. Additional
wastes may be
secreted into urine as
well.
• Helps to regulate
many substances in
the blood
5/24/2017
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Formation of Urine
• Combination of
three
processes:
–Filtering
–Reabsorption
–Secretion
5/24/2017
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Formation of Urine
• Filtration—continuous process in
each glomerulus
–125ml/min = 180 L fluid filtered by
kidneys each day…no one voids that
much!
–Most of the filtered substances are
reabsorbed into the body.
5/24/2017
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Formation of Urine
• Reabsorption
–~178 L/day of liquid is reabsorbed
into body
–Glucose (usually) , amino acids,
etc—anything the body needs will
usually be reabsorbed.
–Sodium reabsorption rates vary—
depending on amount in body
5/24/2017
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Reabsorption con’t:
• Nitrogenous wastes are not reabsorbed
– Urea—formed by liver as end product of
protein breakdown when amino acids are
used as energy
– Uric acid—when nucleic acids are broken
down
– Creatine—generally associated with
physiology of muscles
5/24/2017
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Formation of Urine
• Secretion
–H+, K+, and drugs are deposited
into urine
Video of the process:
5/24/2017
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