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UNIT 3: THE CIVIL WAR & RECONSTRUCTION Causes of the Civil War North vs. South Causes of the War • Regional Differences – Industrial North v. Agricultural South – South wanted to remain traditional and continue to use slave labor • Slavery – Expansion into western territories – States’ rights vs. federal government • Election of President Abraham Lincoln – Not listed on the ballot in southern states – South felt that they did not elect him Free powerpoint template: www.brainybetty.com 2 Secession of the Southern States • Secession: to leave formally from membership • South Carolina voted to leave the Union on December 20, 1860 • 10 more states left the Union and formed the Confederate States of America Free powerpoint template: www.brainybetty.com 3 Lincoln’s Response • President Lincoln saw it as his duty to protect the Union • In his Oath of Office, Lincoln promised to “ protect and defend the Union” • He vowed to protect the Union and keep it together Free powerpoint template: www.brainybetty.com 4 Protect and Defend the Union • Protecting the Union proved to be more difficult that Lincoln thought • Fort Sumter was a particularly difficult issue – Union fort located in enemy South – South threatened to attack if Lincoln tried to re-supply the fort – Despite warning, Lincoln sent supply ships to the fort Free powerpoint template: www.brainybetty.com 5 First signs of War • Confederate President Jefferson Davis made good on his promise • As the Union ships entered Charleston, South Carolina, Davis ordered an attack • The Union responded in self defense • These became the first shots of the Civil War Free powerpoint template: www.brainybetty.com 6 The Union • • • • • • • Advantages: Greater Population More railroads More factories More money More technology Functioning government Existing army & navy Disadvantages: • Fighting far from home • Many did not believe in the cause • Many did not want to fight their neighbor Free powerpoint template: www.brainybetty.com 7 The Confederacy Advantages: • Seven major colleges to train military officers • Only had to defend their homeland • Fighting to defend their way of life and right to self government • • • • • Disadvantages: Smaller population Few factories Underdeveloped railroad Little money in the banks Struggling government Free powerpoint template: www.brainybetty.com 8 Emancipation Proclamation And by virtue of the power, and for the purpose aforesaid, I do order and declare that all persons held as slaves within said designated States, and parts of States, are, and henceforward shall be free; and that the Executive government of the United States, including the military and naval authorities thereof, will recognize and maintain the freedom of said persons. - President Abraham Lincoln Free powerpoint template: www.brainybetty.com 9 Gettysburg Address Read the Gettysburg Address. Answer the questions that follow. Free powerpoint template: www.brainybetty.com 10