Download 1. What is the forearm?

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Part of the upper limb between the elbow
joint and the wrist joint
Elbow joint
FOREARM
Wrist joint
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Most major structures (nerves,veins,arteries)
via cubital fossa, anterior to elbow joint
Exception  ulnar nerve
posterior to the medial epicondyle of humerus
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Anterior & posterior
compartments
Separated by:
Lateral intermuscular septum
from the anterior border of the radius
to deep fascia surrounding the limb
Interosseous membrane
links borders of the radius and ulna
Attachment of deep fascia
along the posterior border of the ulna
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Muscles in the anterior compartment
Flex the wrist & digits
Pronate the hand
Muscles in the posterior compartment
Extend the wrist & digits
Supinate the hand
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The muscles of the anterior compartment
Mainly by median nerve
The one and a half exceptions by ulnar nerve
The muscles of the posterior compartment
All by radial nerve
(directly or by its deep branch)
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In 3 layers
Superficial Intermediate
Deep
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Superficial layer
flexor carpi
radialis
flexor carpi
ulnaris
palmaris longus
pronator teres
Medial
epicondyle
of humerus
Pisiform
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Intermediate layer
flexor digitorum superficialis
Deep layer
flexor
digitorum
profundus
Distal
phalanx
-base
flexor
pollicis
longus
pronator
quadratus
Middle
phalanx
- shaft
Distal
phalanx
-base
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Flexor digitorum
superficialis
Flex metacarpophalangeal &
proximal interphalangeal
Flexor carpi radialis joints
Flexor digitorum profundus
Flexes and abducts
Flex the distal phalanges
hand (at wrist)
of medial 4 fingers
Palmaris longus
Flexes hand (at wrist) Flexor pollicis longus
Flex the thumb
and tenses palmar
Pronator teres
aponeurosis
Rotate radius over ulna
during pronation
Pronator quadratus
Prime mover for pronation
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Flexes and adducts
hand (at wrist)
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All the muscles by
median nerve
Except 1.5 muscles
by ulnar nerve
Flexor carpi
ulnaris full
Flexor digitorum
profundus medial
half
part associated
w/ring & little
fingers
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Inf. border of
teres major
Axillary artery
Till where?
Brachial artery
Neck of the radius
Bracihal artery
divides into
Ulnar artery
(medial)
Radial artery
(lateral)
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(Paired) Deep veins accompanying veins plentiful
in the forearm.
arise from the anastomosing deep venous palmar
arch in the hand.
drain into brachial veins in the cubital fossa.
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principal nerve
no branches in the arm
other than small twigs to
the brachial artery.
Its major branch in the
forearm anterior
interosseous nerve
Leaves the cubital fossa by
passing between 2 heads of the
pronator teres and humero-ulnar
and radial heads of the flexor
digitorum superficialis.
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Enters the anterior
compartment by passing
posteriorly around
medial epicondyle of humerus
and between humeral and
ulnar heads of flexor carpi
ulnaris muscle
Two small cutaneous
branches; palmar
branch & dorsal
branch
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motor and
functions
forearm
(but only
functions
sensory
in both arm &
sensory
in the hand)
in
the forearm
Superficial (sensory)
deep to
brachioradialis
deep (motor)
between two heads of
supinator
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continuation of the
musculocutaneous
nerve
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An important area of
transition between the
arm and the forearm.
seen superficially as
a depression on the
anterior aspect of the
elbow.
Deeply, it is a space
filled with a variable
amount of fat anterior
to the most distal
part of the humerus
and the elbow joint.
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Superiorly imaginary line connecting medial
&lateral epicondyles.
Medially pronator teres.
Laterally brachioradialis.
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1) Terminal part of
the brachial
artery,radial and
ulnar arteries
2) Biceps brachii
tendon
3) Median nerve
4) Radial nerve
5) (Deep)
accompanying veins
of the arteries
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Superficially, in
the subcutaneous
tissue overlying
the fossa
median cubital
vein,
medial and lateral
antebrachial
cutaneous nerves
basilic and
cephalic veins.
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median nerve lies immediately
medial to the brachial artery
and leaves the fossa by passing
between the ulnar and humeral
heads of the pronator teres
muscle.
radial nerve lies under
brachioradialis
(lateral margin of the fossa)
gives off deep branch of the
radial nerve and continues as
superficial radial nerve.
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Just can’t get enough
by Deepeche Mode
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