Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Improvisational theatre wikipedia , lookup
Development of musical theatre wikipedia , lookup
Theatre of the Absurd wikipedia , lookup
Augsburger Puppenkiste wikipedia , lookup
Theatre of the Oppressed wikipedia , lookup
History of theatre wikipedia , lookup
Theatre of India wikipedia , lookup
Medieval theatre wikipedia , lookup
Chapter 11 Theatre’s Revival in Europe Theatre in the Renaissance The Commedia dell’arte Period of the Renaissance (ca 1350-1650) Martin Luther (1483-1546) and the Protestant Revolution Commedia dell’arte A people’s theatre popular from 1550-1750 Actors and actresses who traveled and performance impromptu farces Emphasis on comic routines (i.e. slapstick) and romantic intrigue between young lovers and their parents and betweens masters and their servants Theatre in the Renaissance Aristotle Returns The Poetics is “rediscovered” by European scholars and artists Aristotelian Scholasticism Humanism and the liberal arts The three unities of time, place, and action Declamatory acting style Beginnings of opera Theatre in the Renaissance The Italian Perspective Perspective drawing to perspective scenery Converging lines The vanishing point Three dimensional scenery on flats Filippo Brunelleschi (1377-1446) First theatre architect; credited with inventing perspective painting Stage techniques Raked stage – upstage and downstage Theatre in the Renaissance Spanish Drama Golden Ages of Spanish Drama Lope de Vega (1562-1635) The most prolific and idealist playwright The Sheep Well – most popular play Calderon (1600-1681) Wrote “cloak and sword” plays His plays use symbolism and depth to explore the human condition Life is a Dream – his most well known play Elizabethan Theatre Elizabeth I reigned from 1558 – 1603 Puritans Wanted to purify the church by abstaining form amusements and sensual pleasures Permanent Theatre buildings Indoor Catered to the wealthy Outdoor Permitted all members of society to attend The Theatre (1576) was the name of the first such theatre built since the time of the Romans by James Burbage Environment for the theatre Bear baiting, prostitution, and gambling Elizabethan Theatre The Globe Performances began at 2:00 pm Flags were used to advertise the plays Box office Groundlings and gallery patrons Verbal scene painting Costumes and props Special effects Music and dance Elizabethan Theatre Actors Masterless rogues and vagabonds A company of 8-15 players Shareholders Employed for a single production Boy apprentices Patronage of the nobility Lord Chamberlain’s Men The King’s Men Elizabethan Theatre Williams Shakespeare (1564-1616) Born and died in Stratford Started as an actor with the Lord Chamberlain’s Men Wrote 37-38 plays and poetry Combined popular appeal with poetic sensibilities that were profound and poignant in their beauty Knew the dramaturgical tradition but did not hesitate to break the rules Coined over 1,600 words and phrases in the English language Elizabethan Theatre Shakespeare's Contemporaries Thomas Kyd (1558-1594) The Spanish Tragedy (1589) Christopher Marlowe (1564-1593) Challenged the status quo with his plays The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus (1589) was one of his most well known plays Murdered under a suspicious cloud when he was only 29 years old Ben Jonson (1573-1637) Lead a checkered life as a young actor and playwright Rose to become England’s first poet laureate Wrote many well known plays and masques Upon Shakespeare’s death, he worked conscientiously to advocate for the publication of his plays Elizabethan Theatre Masques and Antimasques Masques – elaborate court entertainments that emphasized poetry, spectacle, music and masks Inigo Jones (1573-1652) Most influential set designer in the English theatre The Masque of Blackness (1605) The Players Scourge (1632) The antimasque tradition Restoration Drama Restoration The Puritan Civil War of 1643 Restoration of Charles II in 1660 Comedy of Manners William Congreve (1670-1729) The Way of the World (1700) Women as performers and playwrights Alphra Behn (1640-1689) The Rover, or the Banished Cavalier (1677 and 1681) French Neoclassic Theatre The Three Unities (time, place, and action) Academie Francaise Tragedy Jean Racine (1639-1699) Phaedra (1677) Comedy Molière (1622-1673) Tartuffe (1664) and The Imaginary Invalid (1673) Theatre in the Age of Reason Ideas and Beginnings Age of Enlightenment (ca 1650-1800) Emphasis on man’s ability to reason Great Minds of the Enlightenment Francis Bacon (1561-1626) - considered the father of the Enlightenment Galileo (1565-1642) - advocated for a heliocentric view of the world Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) Rene Descartes (1596-1650) John Locke (1632-1704) Founding Fathers of the United States Thomas Jefferson Ben Franklin Thomas Paine Theatre in the Age of Enlightenment Revolutionary Theatre Domestic tragedies George Lillo (1693-1739) Voltaire (1694-1778) Mahomet (1742) Gotthold Lessing (1729-1781) The London Merchant (1731) Nathan the Wise (1779) Sentimental comedies Richard Brinsley Sheridan (1751-1816) The Critic (1779) Pierre Beaumarchais (1732-1799) The Marriage of Figaro (1786) The Barber of Seville (1816) Romanticism and the Birth of Melodrama Romanticism Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778) Edmond Rostand (1868-1918) Cyrano de Bergerac (1897) Johann Wolfgang Goethe (1749-1832) Confessions Faust (1808 and 1832) Melodrama Combines melody and drama Formulaic plots with easily defined characters Poetic justice