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William Shakespeare By Monica Hemingway The Beginning • William Shakespeare was born in Stratford-upon-Avon • He was supposedly born on April 23, 1564 Lower part of England The room Shakespeare was born in Holy Trinity Church Parents • William Shakespeare’s father, John Shakespeare, was a glover, whittawer, and a leather merchant • Mary Arden, his mother, was a landed local heiress John Shakespeare’s Job • In 1565, John Shakespeare took a place at the town’s council as an alderman • In 1568, he was the high bailiff, which is equivalent of a town mayor. • Proper Attire: A black gown with fur and a thumb ring Education • Nobody knows, for sure, where he attended school • Shakespeare had knowledge in: • Latin • Classical Greek Those were mandatory classes at the Grammar School of Stratford Grammar School in Stratford Shakespeare’s School • Shakespeare must of left school at the age of 14 or 15, which was normal • Discipline was rough • Children learned to read and write by the age of 4 or 5 The First Lost Years • Between 1578 – 1582 • He may have travelled to Italy • He may have gone out to find a job such as : – – – – – Law Clerk Schoolmaster Scrivener Soldier Sailor • 1579 – Anne Shakespeare dies Shakespeare–Criminal Record? Sir Thomas was so covetous To covet so much deer When horns enough upon his head Most plainly did appear Had not his worship one deer left? What then? He had a wife Took pains enough to find him horns Should last him during his life. Marriage • Shakespeare married Anne Hathaway on November 28, 1582 Family • Susanna, the first daughter, was born on May 26, 1583 • Hamnet and Judith, twins, were born on February 2, 1585 Names • William named Hamnet and Judith after his friends, Hamnet and Judith Sadler • The couple owned a bakery • They became the twin’s god-parents • Hamnet and Judith’s first baby was a boy named William The Second Lost Years • Between 1582 – 1592 • He definitely left Stratford • Probably to pursue his career in London The Summer of 1588 • William Shakespeare is 24 years old • Volunteered at the Armada Muster • Met a girl who was the daughter of Richard Woodward, a land owner Bitter Disappointments • Hamnet, one of the twins, died in childhood at the age of 11 • Hamnet’s death was caused by an illness • John Comb, one of Shakespeare’s friends, died and left him £5 Robert Greene • Robert Greene was a Cambridge MA • He was born in 1558 • He was a writer and a pamphleteer •Robert Greene called Shakespeare an “upstart young cow” in 1592 The Globe Theatre • The original Globe Theatre was built by James Burbage in 1576. • In 1597, the company technically owned the Theatre • The landlord, Giles Allen, wanted to tear the Theatre down. The Globe Theatre (cont.) • The company then purchased property at Blackfriars in Upper Frater Hall • The bough along £600 for theatrical use • The old lease allowed the company to dismantle the building themselves… The Second Globe Theatre • The men took down the Theatre • Moved the materials across the Thames to Bankside • Then, proceeded to use the materials in constructing the second Globe Theatre The second Globe Theatre The Aftermath • Giles Allen returned to London • He sued the carpenter for £800 • The courts found in favor of the Lord Chamberlain’s Men • The court ordered Allen to desist from any other legal charges Shakespeare’s Career • Some of his plays were made even before 1592 • Made his career with Francis Meres and Philip Henslowe Shakespeare’s Career (cont.) • He was the principal poet for the Chamberlain’s Men • The greatest honor and the most important opportunity in Shakespeare’s life Titus Andronicus • George Peele had been known to be the original author • Changed the name to Titus and Vespasian • In 1598, Shakespeare’s partner showed proof that the play was an original of Shakespeare’s This is the only surviving contemporary illustration from the play, because the Globe Theatre gets burned down in 1613 Shakespeare is reciting a play in front of the Court of Queen Elizabeth l. Arden of Feversham • No one knows who wrote the play • Printed in 1592 • Made before Shakespeare’s play, Henry IV Comedy • Shakespeare’s first comedies were: • The Taming of the Shrew • The Two Gentlemen of Verona • The Comedy of Errors Shakespeare Lost A Play • The play Cardenio had been known to exist in Shakespeare’s time • It was played in theatres • It was very popular • We have no record of the play whatsoever Writing: Romeo & Juliet • Shakespeare used: • Knight’s Tale (1559) • Diana (1560) • Romeus and Juliet (1562) • In 1595, he took all these together and made the play Romeo & Juliet Venus and Adonis • A poem • Earl of Southampton is Shakespeare’s patron • Probably made for/to the Earl of Southampton The dedication page to the play. New Place • In about 1594, William Shakespeare purchased property • He purchased the second largest house in town • Is was called New Place Fires • In 1594, only part of Stratford burned down • In 1595, another fire happened in Stratford, but it was even worse. Afterwards • 1601 - John Shakespeare dies • 1607 - Edmund Shakespeare dies • 1608 - Mary Shakespeare dies Retirement • He wrote his will in 1611: Pg.1 Pg. 2 Pg. 3 Will • Most of his properties went to his daughter Susanna • £300 went to Judith, one of the twins • He left his “second best bed” to his wife Shakespeare’s Tombstone Good friend, for Jesus’ sake ,forbear To dig the dust enclosed here; Blest be the man that spares these stones And curst he that moves my bones. 1613 • The Globe Theatre burned to the ground • A cannonball shot during the play of Henry VIII • It ignited the thatched roof of the gallery The Globe Theatre: Rediscovered • The foundations of the Theatre were rediscovered in 1989 • People began to reconstruct it is 1993 • The latest Globe Theatre was completed in 1996 Publishing • In 1623, after Shakespeare’s death, Shakespeare’s plays published by William Jaggard. The first folio contained 36 plays and sold for… £1 Facts • Shakespeare invented the word "assassination” and “bump” • There are no authentic portraits of William Shakespeare Facts (cont.) • There are more than 80 spelling variations of the name “Shakespeare” • Whenever William Shakespeare wrote his name, he never wrote his name correctly This signature on his will says: William Shakspear Facts (cont.) • Some planet’s moons are named after characters in Shakespeare’s plays • There is a rumor that Shakespeare has an illegitimate son • Shakespeare’s family was mostly illiterate Grandchildren • Susanna married John Hall, a doctor, in 1607 • In 1608, Elizabeth Hall is born • Judith married Thomas Quiney, a vintner, in 1616 • In 1616, Shakespeare Quiney is born • In 1617, Richard Quiney is born • In 1619, Thomas Quiney is born Coat of Arms “Not Without Right” John Shakespeare Joan Margaret Mary Arden Gilbert Joan Anne William Shakespeare Susanna John Hall Edmund Anne Hathaway Hamnet Elizabeth Key = Died in childhood/plague. = Marriage Richard Thomas Quiney Shakespeare Richard Judith Thomas The Shakespeare Family Tree