Download Unit 1 - Study Guide Answer Key

Unit 1 Assessment – Study Guide
Directions: Highlight the vocabulary words that you are unfamiliar with and need to study!
Vocabulary Words:
Interchangeable parts
Secession
Cotton gin
States’ rights
13th Amendment
Plantations
Union
14th Amendment
Abolitionist Movement
Confederate States of America
15th Amendment
Women’s Suffrage Movement
Emancipation Proclamation Impeach
Missouri Compromise
Gettysburg Address
Sharecropping
Sectionalism
Appomattox Court House
Poll tax
Compromise of 1850
Reconstruction
Literacy Test
Fugitive Slave Act
Ten Percent Plan
Grandfather clause
Kansas-Nebraska Act
Wade-Davis Bill
Jim Crow Laws
Popular Sovereignty
Freedman’s Bureau
Republican Party
Black Codes
Important Individuals:
Eli Whitney
Susan B. Anthony
Elizabeth Stanton
Dred Scott
Major Battles:
Vicksburg
Fort Sumter
John Brown
Frederick Douglas
William Lloyd Garrison
Abraham Lincoln
Gettysburg
Jefferson Davis
John Wilkes Booth
Andrew Johnson
Chancellorsville
Antietam
Learning Targets:
 I can compare and contrast the economic, social, cultural, and political differences between the North and
the South during the Antebellum period.
 I can describe how the North & South responded to new territories in the United States.
 I can identify major successes and failures of the abolitionist movements.
 I can identify and analyze major technological, social, and strategic aspects of the Civil War.
 I can identify and discuss the relationship of war and technology in the Civil War, focusing on the role of
the telegraph, weapons, railroads, and ironclads.
 I can explain the two main strategies (north & south) and describe how the Civil War officially ended.
 I can explain the factors that led to the start of the Civil War.
 I can analyze the meaning and impact of the Emancipation Proclamation.
 I can analyze the strategic battles of the Civil War.
 I can explain Lincoln’s executive action and leadership on the course of the Civil War.
 I can define and explain Reconstruction.
 I can evaluate the different Reconstruction plans and their social, political, and economic influence on the
South and the rest of the United States
Directions: Answer the questions below the learning targets in complete sentences. Restate the question to
receive full points. Your explanations and descriptions should be at least three sentences long
1. Describe the economic, social, cultural, and political aspects of the North during the Antebellum period.
 Climate favors smaller family farms
 Short growing seasons
 Natural resources: coal, timber, iron, water power
 Population lived in urban areas
 Industrialized
 2/3 of all railroad lines
 Opposed the expansion of slavery
 Strong centralized government
2. Describe the economic, social, cultural, and political aspects of the South during the Antebellum period.
 Climate favors larger farms and plantations
 Long growing season
 Soil & climate to grow crops: tobacco, cotton, rice & indigo
 Population lived in rural areas
 Lower literacy rate
 Slave labor
 Agrarian
 1/3 of all railroad lines
 States’ rights
 Favored expansion of slavery
3. How did the North respond to new western territories in the United States?
 Missouri Compromise: Missouri wanted to enter the Union as a slave state. So, Congress creates a plan
to allow Missouri to enter the Union and keep their slaves as long as Maine could enter and have no
slaves. This maintained the balance of power in Congress. A line would be drawn at 36 30. Anything
above the line would be free, anything below the line would be a slave state.
 Compromise of 1850: California was cut in half by the Missouri Compromise. So, they created the
Compromise of 1850. It allowed California to enter as a free state, Utah and New Mexico could choose
slavery or not (popular sovereignty), the slave trade ended in Washington D.C., and the Fugitive Slave
Law was passed
 Kansas-Nebraska Act: Federal law passed because more people were moving west. Popular
sovereignty was extended to Kansas and Nebraska. Anti-slavery and pro-slavery forces moved to this
area and fought one another. This became known as “Bleeding Kansas”.
4. How did the South respond to the new western territories in the United States?
***See above
5. Explain the major successes of the abolitionists’ movement.
 William Lloyd Garrison: founded the anti-slavery newspaper “The Liberator” and established the
American Anti-Slavery Society
 Frederick Douglas: African American abolitionist. Escaped slavery in Maryland and became a
prominent speaker for the abolition of slavery
 Women’s suffrage movement: Susan B. Anthony & Elizabeth Cady Stanton
 Underground Railroad & Harriet Tubman
6. Explain the major failures of the abolitionists’ movement.
 Dred Scott Decision: Dred Scott was a slave from Missouri. He owner moved to a free territory and
took him with him. When his owner died, Scott sued for his freedom. The US government said that
Scott (and African Americans) were not citizens, that he was a slave and therefore property. This
outraged those who favored popular sovereignty.
 John Brown’s Raid: Radical abolitionists led by John Brown attacked a federal arsenal at Harper’s
Ferry Virginia with hopes to steal weapons and ammunition to give to slaves. US troops surrounded the
arsenal and forced Brown to surrender. He was later tried for treason.
7. Describe the four main technologies used by the North & South during the Civil War.
 Railroads
 Telegraphs
 Ironclads
 Weapons
8. Describe the North’s military strategy for the Civil War.
 Anaconda Plan: Led by General Winfield Scott. The idea was to surround the confederacy and cut off
supply lines to restrict southern trade, transpiration, and communication. The Union wanted to seize
control of the Mississippi River.
9. Describe the South’s military strategy for the Civil War.
 Offensive-Defensive Plan: Led by President Jefferson Davis. This strategy was much like a football
game. The Confederacy would defend their resources (stockpile of supplies) and only attack the enemy
on offensively when the opportunity provided itself.
10. Identify at least two factors that led to the start of the Civil War. (Political & Military)
 Political: Abraham Lincoln was elected president in 1860. The southern states were believed that he
was running on a platform of abolishing slavery throughout the nation, when in reality, Lincoln wanted
to reunite the Union. During the first part of the civil war, Lincoln wanted to maintain the Union.
 Military: After Lincolns was elected president, South Carolina seceded from the Union. There was a
military fort at Fort Sumter, South Carolina that was needing supplies. Lincoln set up a supply ship to go
to Fort Sumter with no ammunition, weapons, or extra support. When he told President Jefferson Davis
(of the confederacy) he told his confederate troops to fire upon the ship. Lincoln responded by asking for
75,000 volunteers.
11. Describe the Emancipation Proclamation. How and where did it impact African Americans, specifically?
 Emancipation Proclamation: Lincoln issued the E.P. on September 22, 1862 and it would go into
affect on January 1, 1863. It called for the emancipation of slaves in the states in rebellion. The US
government, including the military would enforce the freedom of the former slaves. It also established
the United States Colored Troops which allowed African Americans to fight for the Union in separate
troops.
12. Identify and explain four main battles of the Civil War.
 Bull Run 1861
 Antietam 1862
 Gettysburg 1863
 Vicksburg 1863
13. Identify and explain four of President Lincoln’s executive actions that he used during the Civil War.
 Possession of all telegraph lines
 Possession of all railroad lines
 Habeas Corpus
 Emancipation Proclamation
14. How did the Civil War end? (Think of McLean’s story)
 Appomattox Courthouse – Aoril 9, 1865
 Ulysses S. Grant (commander of the Union army) met with Robert E. Lee (commander of the
confederate army) at Appomattox Courthouse in Virginia. Lee signs the surrender agreement.
15. Define Reconstruction.
 Period of time directly after the Civil War in which the US government attempted to rebuild the South.
16. Explain the three Reconstruction Plans.
 Abraham Lincoln: 10% Plan – 10% of residents in former confederate states needed to sign an oath of
loyalty to form a new government and rejoin the Union, southern needed a pardon to hold office,
granted education to African Americans
 Radical Republican: Wade-Davis Bill 1864 – 50% of residents needed to swear an oath to the US
(excluding any known supporter of the Confederacy), each state had to formally outlaw slavery, no
confederate soldier could hold office or vote
 Andrew Johnson: Restoration: Johnson disliked the southern privilege class and resented the slave
holders, any high ranking confederate officials must obtain a pardon before voting or holding office,
ratify the 13th amendment, only whites who had been pardoned could vote, opposed African American
equality and right to vote
17. Explain the political influence of the Reconstruction plans.
 13th Amendment: outlawed slavery and involuntary servitude in the US
 14th Amendment: granted African Americans citizenship and the right of life, liberty, and property with
due process of the law
 15th Amendment: granted African Americans the right to vote
18. Explain the social influence of the Reconstruction plans.
 Freedman’s Bureau: first federal relief agency to provide clothing, medical attention, meals, education,
and some land to feed blacks and some poor whites, established first black schools, was disbanded in
1869 after lack of support
 African American churches: desire for freedom, controlled by African Americans, center of social and
political life, discussed issues that related to them, ministers were spiritual and political leaders
 Black codes: laws meant to keep African Americans subordinate to white by restricting the rights of
freed slaves – could not meet together after sunset, could not own weapons, could not rent property
anywhere but in rural places
19. Explain the economic influence of the Reconstruction plans
 Sharecropping: family farmed portion of a landowners land in return for housing and a share of the crop,
most landowners were dishonest and subjected them to subtle form of slavery
 Tenant Farming: fames paid rent to farm the land, owned the crops they grew and were less at the mercy
of white landowners than sharecroppers