Download Basic Facts of Leprosy - Mymensingh Medical College

BASIC FACTS OF
LEPROSY
 Presented by
DR. Md. Asadozzaman
Asstt. Registrar of Dermatology
&
Venereology, MMCH
Chief Guide :
Dr. Shahab Uddin Ahmed Chowdhury
Asso. Prof. of
Dermatology & Venereology, MMCH
Date : 20.10.2003
•Origin of the Name
–Lepros – Greek Word means
scaly
–Kustha from ‘Kusthani’ means
eaten away
–Leper – means person
suffering from leprosy
Definition
Most chronic, communicable,
grannulomatous, infectious
disease, primarily of skin &
peripheral nerves but may
involve all organs of the body
except CNS, GIT & Lungs,
caused by Mycobacterium
Leprae.
Historical Background
 Oldest
scourge of man kind
 Probably
 The
originated in India
Vedas written about instruction
for prevention of Leprosy in 1400 B.C.
Contd…………
 First
authentic description and
treatment with chaulmoogra oil is
given in Sushruta Samita in 600
B.C.
 The
Hindo’s Lord Krishno’s son
Samba had developed kustha
Contd……
 Mycobacterium
Leprae Bacilli first
discovered by Norway Scientist Hansen in
1873. He had made unsuccessful attempt to
infect himself as well as his chief and
Father-in-Law Dr. Danielssen with
material from leprosy patient.
Epidemiology
Population at risk in the world – 1.6 Billions
 Total No of Leprosy cases in the world 1.5
Millions
 Endemic areas – 83% of Leprosy cases
concentrated in only 5 countries – India,
Brazil, Nigeria, Myanmar & Indonesia.
Nearly 75% of world’s Leprosy patients are in
South East Asia.
 Highest No of Leprosy – In India (Bihar,
Uttar Pradesh)

Contd………….
Highly prevalent in Central Africa
 Incubation Period : 2 – 5 years
 Source of Infection : Infected Human
considered as the only Source of Leprosy
 Mode of Transmission: Close & prolonged
contact is necessary, the nose is the
prime portal of exit of the Bacilli.
 High Natural Immunity – 95%
 Affects all ages & Sexes

Present Status of Leprosy in Bangladesh

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Reg. prevalence – 31/12/2002
Total Cases – 8943
 SLPB – 421
 PB – 4300
 MB – 4222
Prevalence Rate : 0.63/10000
Detection – 9844
SLPB – 851
PB – 5489
MB – 3504
SSS : positive – 772
Child : 1101
Detection Rate – 0.762/10000
Bacteriology





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Common Name : Bacillus of Hansen
Morphology : Pleomorphic straight or slightly
curved rod like, gram positive bacteria
Staining Properties by the Zeil Neelsen
Method. Bacilli appears as solid staining
(viable), fragmented and granular (dead
bacilli)
Life Span – 6 months
Cannot grown in artificial media or tissue
culture
Generation Time : 10 – 14 days
Technique of Bacteriological
Examination
Slit
Skin Smear
Nose Blow Smear
Nasal Scraping
Reading of Smears
 BI – Density of Leprosy Bacilli in
smears
 MI – Percentage of living Bacilli
among total
 SFG – Percentage of solid,
fragmented & granular Bacilli
TREATMENT
MDT – Multi Drug Therapy
FDT – Fixed Duration
Treatment
RFT – Release From Treatment