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Transcript
Bell work Have scientists ever brought extraterrestrial material to Earth? Scientists have studied rocks from Mars and other parts of the solar system. How have scientists obtained these rocks? Record your answer in your science journal. Comets, Meteors, and Asteroids Today’s Objectives Explain why comets, asteroids, and meteoroids are important to the study of the formation of the solar system. Describe the similarities of and differences between asteroids and meteoroids. Explain Earth. how cosmic impacts may affect life on Comets Small body of ice, rock and dust loosely packed together that orbits the sun A comet is a “dirty snowball” about the size of an earth mountain. (dirt and ice) Comets’ orbits are usually very long, narrow ellipses. They produce tails of gas and dust when they approach the sun. Look like “shooting stars” but can move much slower. Comet Parts Tails Ion-electrically charged ions, always points away from the sun Dust- follows the orbit of the comet Gas-follows the orbit of the comet also Can extend millions of km Comet Parts Nucleus Averages 3 miles in diameter, by can be between ½ and 100 km Solid, rocky, icy center Shows different features as it nears the sun Coma forms a large halo around the nucleus of a comet as it nears the sun The Coma’s halo is made of dust and gas Structure of a Comet Ion Tail Dust Tail Coma To Sun Orbit Highly elongated Very elliptical Oort Cloud Oort cloudsphere that surrounds the solar system 1 light year away from the sun made of dust and gas The Oort Cloud Kuiper Belt- outside orbit of Neptune- made of dust and rocks- where most dwarf planets are found. Comet names Comets are often named after the person who discovers them! Maybe the next one could be named after you! Comet Halley Comet Halley 1910 •Pope Callixtus III excommunicated Halley's Comet in 1456 •In 1910, charlatans sold "comet pills" Orbit Halley’s Comet (1986) Halley’s Comet…. Orbits every 76 years Hyakutake Comet: Hale-Bopp www.brainpop.com/science/space/comets/ Winter and early spring of 1997 Next sighting: 4380 Hale-Bopp Comet West Today’s Objectives Explain why comets, asteroids, and meteoroids are important to the study of the formation of the solar system. Describe the similarities of and differences between asteroids and meteoroids. Explain Earth. how cosmic impacts may affect life on Meteoroids, Meteorites, and Meteors Meteoroid- small rocky body often made of rock, metal, or dust. Meteorite- meteoroid that hits the Earth Meteoroids survive as they pass through the atmosphere and hit Earth’s surface Meteor- meteoroid that burns up in the Earth’s atmosphere Shooting stars are not actually stars. These flashes of light across the sky are small bits of rock burning up in the Earth’s Atmosphere. They often move very fast across the sky. They are called “fireballs” when it creates a long streak of light as it gets close to the ground. 3 types Stony Metallic Stony-iron The Cause of Meteor Showers P55/Tempel-Tuttle The 1833 storm The 1966 storm 1997 Leonids from Orbit Two Showers for Halley Sporadic Meteors Irons Stony-Irons Carbonaceous Chondrite Chondrites Achondrite Barringer’s Crater An iron meteorite 100 feet across and 70,000 tons slamed into the Earth at about 43,000mph in the Arizona desert near Flagstaff 40,000 years ago. Barringer Crater is 4,100 feet wide and 571 feet deep. Other Impact Craters SUMMARY METEOROID: A piece of stone or metal that travels in outer space. METEOR: An object from space that becomes glowing hot when it passes into Earth's atmosphere. METEORITE: A piece of stone or metal from space that falls to Earth's surface. Today’s Objectives Explain why comets, asteroids, and meteoroids are important to the study of the formation of the solar system. Describe the similarities of and differences between asteroids and meteoroids. Explain Earth. how cosmic impacts may affect life on Asteroids Small rocky bodies in orbit around the sun. (larger than meteoroids) Have the same compositional matter as the Terrestrial planets Located between Mars and Jupiter in the Asteroid Belt. Ceres was the largest asteroid ever discovered Now it is classified as a Dwarf Planet! Asteroids Apollo Trojans Ida - Dactyl Gaspra Today’s Objectives Explain why comets, asteroids, and meteoroids are important to the study of the formation of the solar system. Describe the similarities of and differences between asteroids and meteoroids. Explain Earth. how cosmic impacts may affect life on