* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Power Point - Solar System
Survey
Document related concepts
Heliosphere wikipedia , lookup
Exploration of Jupiter wikipedia , lookup
Near-Earth object wikipedia , lookup
Planet Nine wikipedia , lookup
Standard solar model wikipedia , lookup
History of Solar System formation and evolution hypotheses wikipedia , lookup
Eris (dwarf planet) wikipedia , lookup
Kuiper belt wikipedia , lookup
Scattered disc wikipedia , lookup
Naming of moons wikipedia , lookup
Late Heavy Bombardment wikipedia , lookup
Planets beyond Neptune wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
Our Solar System Sun Facts Diameter: ~870,000 miles Rotation: 25-36 days Temperature: Sunspots 6,700F Surface 10,000F Core 27,000,000F Facts Contains ~98% of our Solar System’s mass Could hold 1.3 million Earths Fusion of hydrogen atoms produces light & heat Sun Planet A large body orbiting a central star. ‘Planetes’ is the Greek word for wanderer. New International Astronomical Union (IAU) Definition A planet is a celestial body that Is in orbit around the Sun, Is nearly round, Has cleared the neighborhood around its orbit, and Is not a satellite (moon). Examples Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, & Neptune Other Bodies Dwarf Planet is a celestial body that Is in orbit around the Sun, Is nearly round in shape, Has not cleared the neighborhood around its orbit, And is not a satellite. Examples – Ceres, Pluto, & Eris (2003 UB 313) Small Solar System Bodies All other objects, except satellites, orbiting the Sun. Examples – Comets, Asteroids, Meteoroids, Kuiper Belt Objects etc. Inner Planets Mercury, Venus, Earth, & Mars Also known as the “Terrestrial Planets” Tend to be smaller, denser, & rockier. Inner Planets Mercury Data Distance from the Sun: 36 million miles Diameter: ~3,000 miles Temperature: -280F to 800F Moons: zero Facts: No atmosphere Craters & Cliffs Rotation perpendicular to its orbital path Mercury Venus Data Distance from the Sun: 67 million miles Diameter: ~7,500 miles Temperature: 900 F (greenhouse effect) Moons: zero Facts: Rotates from east to west A day is longer than a year! CO2 atmosphere & sulfuric acid clouds Craters & Volcanic Rock Venus Earth Data Distance from the Sun: 93 million miles Diameter: ~8,000miles Temperature: -128F to 140F Moons: One Facts: Life! Water in all 3 States Atmosphere (Nitrogen, Oxygen, & other gases) Earth Mars Data Distance from the Sun: 142 million miles Diameter: ~4,200 miles Temperature: -184F to 59F Moons: 2 Facts: Atmosphere (CO2 & other gases) Polar Ice Caps (frozen CO2) Olympus Mons (largest volcano) Mars Asteroid Belt Asteroid Facts Rocky, Metallic objects Orbit the sun in a “belt” Known as “minor planets” Range in size From pebbles to Ceres formerly considered an asteroid has been reclassified as a “Dwarf Planet” (~600 miles) Theories Remains of a destroyed planet Planet never formed Asteroids Meteoroids Small bodies that travel through SPACE. Nasa.gov Meteors Meteors which enter earth’s atmosphere and burn up. Nasa.gov Meteorites If meteor does not completely vaporize, it lands on earth as a meteorite. Barringer Meteorite Crater Outer Planets Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, & Neptune Also known as “Gas Giants” or the “Jovian Planets” Tend to be much larger & most are made up of gases. Jupiter Data Distance from the Sun: 484 million miles Diameter: ~89,000 miles Temperature: Surface -163F Core 54,000F Moons: 63 Facts: Largest Planet Faint Ring System Atmospheric Clouds & Storms (Red Spot) Jupiter Saturn Data Distance from the Sun: 886 million miles Diameter: ~74,000 miles Temperature: Surface -219F Core 27,000F Moons: 58 Facts: Flat at the poles Less dense than water Ring System Saturn Uranus Data Distance from the Sun: 1.8 billion miles Diameter: ~32,000 miles Temperature: -330F Moons: at least 22 Facts: Gaseous Planet (H, He, Methane) Bluish Color Orbits on its Side Faint Ring System Uranus Neptune Data Distance from the Sun: 2.8 billion miles Diameter: ~30,000 miles Temperature: -330F Moons: 8 Facts: Great dark spot Strongest winds in the solar system (1,200mph) Orbital path crosses Pluto’s Faint rings made of dust particles Composed of H, He, & Methane & a core of molten rock Neptune Pluto Data Distance from the Sun: ~4 billion miles Diameter: ~1,400 miles Temperature: -390F Moons: 3 – Charon, Hydra, Nix Facts: Thin atmosphere freezes & falls to the surface Orbits almost on its side Orbital path crosses Neptune’s Newly defined as a “Dwarf Planet” Dwarf Planet Pluto Orbits of Pluto & Eris (aka 2003 UB 313) Kuiper Belt Kuiper Belt Disk-shaped region past the orbit of Neptune Contains icy “Small Solar System Objects” & “Dwarf Planets” that orbit the Sun Contains over 35,000 objects over 100 km (62 miles) in diameter Possibly where Short-Period Comets Originate Orbits of Kuiper Belt Objects may be affected by interactions with the Gas Giants Examples – Pluto & Eris Eris (2003 UB 313) Discovered: July-August, 2005 Distance: >8 billion miles Diameter: At least as large as Pluto Dwarf Planet Eris Comet Facts Small, fragile, irregularly shaped bodies Made of ice, dust, and gases (“dirty snowballs”) Highly elliptical orbits around the sun Coma – surrounding cloud which grows in size & brightness as it approaches the Sun (& melts) Comets Sedna Sedna Data Distance from the Sun: ~12 billion miles Diameter: 800-1,100 miles Discovered in 2004 Facts: Moon? Rocky? Highly Elliptical Orbit (10,000 years to orbit the Sun) Sedna Size Comparison View from Sedna Oort Cloud In 1950, Jan Oort proposed that comets reside in a vast could at the outer reaches of the solar system. No direct evidence of an Oort Cloud Possibly where Long-Period Comets Originate Possibly extends halfway to the next known star Recent discoveries (such as Sedna) indicate that the Oort Cloud might contain more objects than originally thought Pluto’s Other Satellites? Centaurs Nine known “Small Solar System Objects,” orbiting between Jupiter & Neptune Unstable orbits Thought to have been part of the Kuiper Belt at one time Examples Chiron & Pholus