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Terms: The Planets • Mercury • Venus • Earth • Mars »Pluto (Dwarf Planet • Jupiter • Saturn • Uranus • Neptune How are the planets alike and/or different? • What factors exists on Earth that make life possible here, but unlikely on any other planet? • Which planets in the solar system are called the “gas giants” and why? • In general, what condition on the planets is MOST affected by its distance from 1. Earth has Liquid water, moderate temperature, and an atmosphere rich in oxygen, which is all needed for life. 2. They are giant planets, much larger than Earth. They are mainly composed of gases and do not have well-defined surfaces. 3. temperature. It will get colder further from the sun and hotter closer to it. Write one of these analogies at the bottom of your solar system sheet: My very educated mother just said uhoh no pluto. My Very Eager Mother just served us nine pies. The Inner Planets Also known as the “Terrestrial Planets” •Mercury •Venus •Earth •Mars • inner planets continued… The planets that are much closer to the sun. –Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars –Inner planets have rocky, dense surfaces….terrestrial planets –Aka terrestrial planets Mercury •closest planet to the sun •only Pluto is smaller •rocky surface with many craters •very thin atmosphere •high temperature •no life; Distance from the sun 58,000,000 km Diameter 4,880 km Year Length (Earth Years) 88 days Gravity (X Earth’s0 0.38 Moons 0 Venus •2nd planet from sun •same size as Earth •rocky surface •atmosphere is very thick with carbon dioxide •gas traps heat under it •no life; Distance from the Sun 108,000,000 km Diameter 12,100 km Year Length (Earth Years) 225 days Gravity (X Earth’s) 0.91 Moons 0 Earth •3rd planet from sun •surface is rocky •covered with plains, valleys, mountains, plateaus, active volcanoes • ¾ surface covered with water, •atmosphere 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen • water, moderate temperature, and oxygen makes Earth only planet supporting life Distance from the Sun 150,000,000 km Diameter = 12,760 km Length of Year = 365.25 days Gravity = 1 Moons = 1 Mars Distance from the Sun 228,000,000 km •4th planet from the sun, called “red planet”, •half the size of Earth, rocky and dusty surface, hills, plains mountains, extinct volcanoes, craters, •largest volcano in solar system, •ice caps north and south poles, •may have had water at one time, • thin atmosphere with carbon dioxide, •life may have existed at one time; Diameter 6,790 km Year Length (Earth Years) 687 days Gravity (X Earth’s) 0.38 Moons 2 The Outer Planets “Gas Giants” •Jupiter •Saturn •Uranus •Neptune *No solid surfaces to walk upon* • outer planets :The planets that are much farther from the sun: –Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune –Outer planets are larger and composed of gas…. Gas giantd • Pluto is a dwarf planet – it is not included in the outer planets group because it has different characteristics Jupiter •5th planet from sun, •largest planet, •“gas giants" •no solid surface, •slushy ball of liquid hydrogen, •atmosphere mostly helium and hydrogen gases, •large red spot ( gigantic storm or hurricane), •circled by very thin rings, •no life; Distance from the Sun 778,000,000 km Diameter 143,000 km Yea Length (Earth Years) 119 years Gravity (X Earth’s) 2.53 Moons 63 Saturn •6th planet from sun, •complex ring system, •second largest planet, •structure similar to Jupiter, • atmosphere is hydrogen and helium gases, •no life; Distance from the Sum 1,427,000,000 km Diameter 120,500 km Year Length (Earth Years) 29.4 years Gravity (X Earth’s) 1.14 Moons 47 Distance from the Sun 2,871,000,000 km Diameter 51,100 km •blue-green color from poisonous methane Year Length (Earth Years) 84 years Gravity (X Earth’s) 0.9 •7th planet from sun Moons 27 Uranus •third largest planet •surface completely covered with water, methane, and ammonia •11 rings circle planet •rotates on its side •poles point toward and away from sun, extremely cold temperature, •no life; Neptune •8th planet from the sun, •fourth largest planet, •glows blue-green with methane gas clouds, •icy ocean of water, methane, ammonia, and hydrogen, •six rings orbit planet, •no life on planet; Distance from the Sun 4,498,000,000 km Diameter 49,500 km Year Length (Earth Years) 165 years Gravity (X Earth’s) 1.14 Moons 13