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Classroom Room 274 Cross roads County/ City Grosse Pointe Farms State MI Country USA Planet: Earth Solar system Milky way Galaxy located on: Orion Spur Galaxy cluster Super cluster Virgo galaxy cluster The Solar System Nebula Theory (our solar system) • The solar system started from the spinning and condensing of a cloud of dust and gas. The greatest matter formed the sun with the remaining becoming the planets. Inner Planets • Terrestrial planets – Mercury – Venus – Earth – Mars • Formed as small rocky material nearest to the protostar(our sun) cooled. Jovian (outer planets) • Jupiter • Saturn • Uranus • Neptune Planets orbit in ellipses Perihelion- when the planet is closest to the sun Aphelion- when the planets are farthest away Sun •Features: •Core –nuclear fusion occurs •Radiative zoneenergy moves outward in waves •Convection zonewarmed gases rise and cool gases sink •Photosphere- the visible surface of light CHROMOSPHERE • Above the photosphere • Reddish in color • contains spikes of gas called spicules that rise through it • Sunspots: are temporary phenomena on the photosphere of the Sun that appear visibly as dark spots compared to surrounding regions. – They are caused by intense magnetic activity, which inhibits convection CORONA • Outermost atmosphere of the sun • Seen only during a total solar eclipse • Very hot but thin • Sunspots: are temporary phenomena on the photosphere of the Sun that appear visibly as dark spots compared to surrounding regions. – They are caused by intense magnetic activity, which inhibits convection Solar Winds • Corona prevents most particles from exiting the sun. However, some Ions/ particles escape as Solar Winds. • Causes Auroras (northern lights). SOLAR FLARES- Large Eruptions of Gas Increases Auroras Prominences: large, bright, gaseous feature extending outward from the Sun's surface, often in a loop shape. A coronal mass ejection (CME): is a massive burst of solar wind and magnetic fields rising above the solar corona or being released into space. * Can only see corona during an eclipse • An aurora is a natural light display in the sky – Auroras are caused by charged particles, mainly electrons and protons Increased solar flares activity can interrupt communication systems on earth SOLAR FLARES CORONA SUN SPOTS PROMINENCE SPICULES CONVECTION ZONE CHROMOSPHERE PHOTOSPHERE RADIATIVE ZONE CORE Asteroids •Asteroids are small metallic rocks that orbit the sun between Mars and Jupiter METEORS • A meteoroid from space that burns up in our atmosphere Meteorites •Chunks of rock that have hit the earth’s surface COMETS • DIRTY SNOWBALL • Composed of dust, gas, and ice • Has a tail as it approaches the sun The End