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The 5 Major World Religions SOL WH II 14: The student will demonstrate knowledge of the influence of Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, and Hinduism in the contemporary world by a. Describing their beliefs, sacred writings, traditions, and customs b. Locating the geographic distribution of religions in the contemporary world What to Know • • Terms • – Monotheism – Polytheism – Karma – Moksha – Dharma – Caste System – Reincarnation – Diaspora – Apostle Concepts – Four Noble Truths – Eightfold Path – Five Pillars – Sunni Islam – Shi’a Islam Texts/Writings • 10 Commandments • New Testament • Torah • Koran (Quran) • Vedas • Upanishads • • People • Jesus • Moses • Abraham • Muhammed • Siddhartha Gautama, Buddha • Asoka • Allah • Yaweh Places • Mecca • Medina • Jerusalem • Israel • Palestine • India • Babylon • Dome of the Rock Where are the Religions? Judaism • Early History – ~1950 BC, Abraham’s Covenant – Travel to Canaan then to Egypt – Slavery in Egypt – Moses & the Exodus – Moses on Mt. Sinai • The 10 Commandments (p. 32) • The Torah – Pentateuch Abraham & Isaac Torah • Old Testament • Abraham’s History – Mishnah • Writings of the Prophets – Talmud • Other Writings of the Jewish Tradition Moses & the 10 Commandments Settlement and Diaspora • Settlement in Palestine – 1250 BC – 1050 BC – Worship of Yahweh • Ethical Monotheism: God’s Laws are our Laws – Jerusalem: The Holy City – 586 BC: Solomon’s Temple Destroyed • Diaspora – Deported to Babylon – 2nd Temple destroyed in 70 AD – Rabbi’s (Teachers) carry the faith throughout the world Jerusalem by Matisyahu [Chorus] Jerusalem, if I forget you, fire not gonna come from me tongue. Jerusalem, if I forget you, let my right hand forget what it's supposed to do. In the ancient days, we will return with no delay Picking up the bounty and the spoils on our way We've been traveling from state to state And them don't understand what they say 3,000 years with no place to be And they want me to give up my milk and honey Don't you see, it's not about the land or the sea Not the country but the dwelling of his majesty Chorus Rebuild the temple and the crown of glory Years gone by, about sixty Burn in the oven in this century And the gas tried to choke, but it couldn't choke me I will not lie down, I will not fall asleep They come overseas, yes they're trying to be free Erase the demons out of our memory Change your name and your identity Afraid of the truth and our dark history Why is everybody always chasing we Cut off the roots of your family tree Don't you know that's not the way to be Chorus Caught up in these ways, and the worlds gone craze Don't you know it's just a phase Case of the Simon says If I forget the truth then my words won't penetrate Babylon burning in the place, can't see through the haze Chop down all of them dirty ways, That's the price that you pay for selling lies to the youth No way, not ok, oh no way, not ok, hey Aint no one gonna break my stride Aint no one gonna pull me down Oh no, I got to keep on moving Stay alive Beliefs and Customs • “I keep the lord always before me.” – All of life is and act of worship • Religious Customs – Prayer 3 x a day – Worship on the Sabbath day Saturday • Whole Torah (Pentateuch) is read each year – Diet • Food must be Kosher – Holy Days & Festivals • Passover (spring) • Shabouth (fall) • Rosh Hashanah – Yom Kippur, the day of Atonement • Hannukkah (Winter) • Purim (March) The Nicene Creed • • • We believe in one God, the Father, the Almighty, maker of heaven and earth, of all that is, seen and unseen. We believe in one Lord, Jesus Christ, the only son of God, eternally begotten of the Father, God from God, Light from Light, • true God from true God, begotten, not made, of one being with the Father. Through him all things were made. For us and for our salvation he came down from heaven: by the power of the Holy Spirit he became incarnate from the Virgin Mary, and was made man. For our sake he was crucified under Pontius Pilate; he suffered death and was buried. On the third day he rose again in accordance with the Scriptures; he ascended into heaven and is seated at the right hand of the Father. He will come again in glory to judge the living and the dead, and his kingdom will have no end. We believe in the Holy Spirit, the Lord, the giver of life, who proceeds from the Father [and the Son]. With the Father and the Son he is worshipped and glorified. He has spoken through the Prophets. We believe in one holy catholic and apostolic Church. We acknowledge one baptism for the forgiveness of sins. We look for the resurrection of the dead, and the life of the world to come. AMEN. Basic Christianity • History – 2000 yrs ago – The Apostles – Christ’s Death – Council of Nicaea, 325 • Texts – The New Testament • Beliefs – The Holy Trinity – Immaculate Conception – The Afterlife • Customs & Holidays – Weekly Worship – Holy Week • Palm Sunday • Maundy Thursday • Good Friday • Easter – Christmas Christ on the Cross, Velazquez The Holy Trinity, Albrecht Duerer Icon depicting the First Council of Nicaea Judaism Christianity Islam 1. Book 1. Book 1. Book 2. Founder 2. Founder 2. Founder 3. Belief 3. Belief 3. Belief 4. Holy Places 4. Establishment of Doctrine/Beliefs 4. Holy Places 5. Location 5. Location 5. Location Islam: The 5 Pillars 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Faith – There is no god but Allah and Muhammad is his messenger Prayer (Salat) – 5 x daily Charity (Zakat) – All Things belong to God so we should donate to the Needy Fast – During Ramadan, form sun up to sundown. Pilgrimage (Hajj) – Once in a lifetime trip to Mecca and the Ka’ba Hinduism and Buddhism Reading • Read pages 36-40 • Answer the questions at the end of each section. • Questions 5 and 6 on page 45, q’s 22 &23 on pg 46, and 31 and 32 on pg 47. Hinduism Buddhism 1. Location Number of gods 2. Goal •Goal 3. Belief •Belief 4. Founder Class system Reincarnati on based on 5. Path to Nirvana 6. Asoka •Location Hinduism • 4000 – 2500 BCE – Aryan Peoples – Oral Tradition • Vedas & Upanishads • Aryan Caste System – Brahmins: Priests – Ksatriyas: Warriors & Rulers – Vaisyas: Merchants, Farmers, Artisans – Sudras: Manual Laborers – Untouchables: Dirty Work • Hindu Beliefs: Hamster Wheel – Brahman – Atman – Reincarnation – Karma – Moksha Hindu Gods: Many Forms of One God Brahma: The Creator Siva: The Destroyer Vishnu: The Preserver • • • • Buddhism Siddartha Gautama, 560-490 BCE – The Buddha: The Enlightened One Buddhist Beliefs – No Real Gods or Deities – Goal: Nirvana not Brahma Four Noble Truths 1. Life is Suffering 2. Suffering is caused by desire & resistance to change 3. We can end suffering by ending desire 4. We can end desire and suffering by following the eightfold path Eight Fold Path 1. Right Understanding 2. Right Thought 3. Right Speech 4. Right Action 5. Right Livelihood 6. Right Effort 7. Right Mindfulness 8. Right Concentration Asoka: 273-232 BC