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The 5 Major World Religions SOL WH II 14: The student will demonstrate knowledge of the influence of Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, and Hinduism in the contemporary world by a. Describing their beliefs, sacred writings, traditions, and customs b. Locating the geographic distribution of religions in the contemporary world What to Know • • Terms • – Monotheism – Polytheism – Karma – Caste System – Reincarnation Concepts – Four Noble Truths – Eightfold Path – Five Pillars – Sunni Islam – Shi’a Islam Texts/Writings • 10 Commandments • New Testament • Torah • Koran (Quran) • • People • Jesus • Moses • Abraham • Muhammed • Siddhartha Gautama, Buddha • Asoka • Allah • Yaweh Places • Mecca • Medina • Jerusalem • Israel • Palestine • India Where are the Religions? Judaism • Early History – ~1950 BC, Abraham’s Covenant – Travel to Canaan then to Egypt – Slavery in Egypt – Moses & the Exodus – Moses on Mt. Sinai • The 10 Commandments (p. 32) • The Torah – Pentateuch Abraham & Isaac Torah • Old Testament • Abraham’s History – Mishnah • Writings of the Prophets – Talmud • Other Writings of the Jewish Tradition Moses & the 10 Commandments Settlement • Settlement in Palestine – 1250 BC – 1050 BC – Worship of Yahweh • Ethical Monotheism: God’s Laws are our Laws – Jerusalem: The Holy City – 586 BC: Solomon’s Temple Destroyed Beliefs and Customs • “Diet • Food must be Kosher – Holy Days & Festivals • Passover (spring) • Shabouth (fall) • Rosh Hashanah – Yom Kippur, the day of Atonement • Hannukkah (Winter) • Purim (March) The Nicene Creed • • • We believe in one God, the Father, the Almighty, maker of heaven and earth, of all that is, seen and unseen. We believe in one Lord, Jesus Christ, the only son of God, eternally begotten of the Father, God from God, Light from Light, • true God from true God, begotten, not made, of one being with the Father. Through him all things were made. For us and for our salvation he came down from heaven: by the power of the Holy Spirit he became incarnate from the Virgin Mary, and was made man. For our sake he was crucified under Pontius Pilate; he suffered death and was buried. On the third day he rose again in accordance with the Scriptures; he ascended into heaven and is seated at the right hand of the Father. He will come again in glory to judge the living and the dead, and his kingdom will have no end. We believe in the Holy Spirit, the Lord, the giver of life, who proceeds from the Father [and the Son]. With the Father and the Son he is worshipped and glorified. He has spoken through the Prophets. We believe in one holy catholic and apostolic Church. We acknowledge one baptism for the forgiveness of sins. We look for the resurrection of the dead, and the life of the world to come. AMEN. Basic Christianity • History – 2000 yrs ago – The Apostles – Christ’s Death – Council of Nicaea, 325 • Texts – The New Testament • Beliefs – The Holy Trinity – Immaculate Conception – The Afterlife • Customs & Holidays – Weekly Worship – Holy Week • Palm Sunday • Maundy Thursday • Good Friday • Easter – Christmas Christ on the Cross, Velazquez The Holy Trinity, Albrecht Duerer Icon depicting the First Council of Nicaea Judaism Christianity Islam 1. Book 1. Book 1. Book 2. Founder 2. Founder 2. Founder 3. Belief 3. Belief 3. Belief 4. Holy Places 4. Establishment of Doctrine/Beliefs 4. Holy Places 5. Location 5. Location 5. Location Islam: The 5 Pillars 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Faith – There is no god but Allah and Muhammad is his messenger Prayer (Salat) – 5 x daily Charity (Zakat) – All Things belong to God so we should donate to the Needy Fast – During Ramadan, form sun up to sundown. Pilgrimage (Hajj) – Once in a lifetime trip to Mecca and the Ka’ba Hinduism Buddhism 1. Location Number of gods 2. Goal •Goal 3. Belief •Belief 4. Founder Class system Reincarnati on based on 5. Path to Nirvana 6. Asoka •Location Hinduism • 4000 – 2500 BCE – Aryan Peoples – Oral Tradition • Vedas & Upanishads • Aryan Caste System – Brahmins: Priests – Ksatriyas: Warriors & Rulers – Vaisyas: Merchants, Farmers, Artisans – Sudras: Manual Laborers – Untouchables: Dirty Work Hindu Gods: Many Forms of One God Brahma: The Creator Siva: The Destroyer Vishnu: The Preserver • • • • Buddhism Siddartha Gautama, 560-490 BCE – The Buddha: The Enlightened One Buddhist Beliefs – No Real Gods or Deities – Goal: Nirvana not Brahma Four Noble Truths 1. Life is Suffering 2. Suffering is caused by desire & resistance to change 3. We can end suffering by ending desire 4. We can end desire and suffering by following the eightfold path Eight Fold Path 1. Right Understanding 2. Right Thought 3. Right Speech 4. Right Action 5. Right Livelihood 6. Right Effort 7. Right Mindfulness 8. Right Concentration Asoka: 273-232 BC