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Download City-States of Mesopotamia - Ms. MullinSocial Studies
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Warm Up • What is the fertile crescent? Core Civilizations QFT: “Water is the source of life.” City-States of Mesopotamia CC-Video Guide • https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_ continue=2&v=sohXPx_XZ6Y • As you watch the video, complete the accompanying guide. Geography • “Fertile Crescent”: area between Persian Gulf and Eastern Mediterranean shore & length of Nile R. • Tigris & Euphrates Rivers – Flow SE into Persian Gulf – Mesopotamia = “Land between two rivers” – Annual flooding of rivers leaves silt (++ farming) Human Arrival into Mesopotamia • People moved into area after 10,000 BC (pop. pressure) • Why settle in Mesopotamia? • River valley had fertile land (silt) • Access to Persian Gulf for fishing, trade • Rivers allowed for easy irrigation – Challenges to settlers • Annual flooding was unpredictable • Small area with no natural protection • Limited natural resources (little stone, wood or metal) Modern Flooding of Tigris R. Human Arrival into Area • Solutions to Challenges Sumerians plowing City walls of Jericho – Irrigation projects to control flood waters (levees; channels) – Built walls around cities for protection – Traded for scarce goods with neighboring regions City States of Mesopotamia • City state = different walled cities of area, each with their own leader – Politically independent – Economically dependent (trade) – Militarily competitive, mainly through raiding each other; not conquest City plan of Ur Activity • Complete DBQ of Achievements of Ancient Civilizations. • Due EOC Warm Up-Definitions • • • • • Cultural Diffusion Cuneiform Pictograms Mesopotamia Indus City States of Mesopotamia • Political Power – Irrigation projects needed leaders to organize (beginning of government) – Priest-kings served as go between for Gods and man – Religion the basis of political power • City state’s gods owned all land • Priest-king served as agent of gods • Priest-kings ruled society Code of Hammurabi • Covers most things in daily life – criminal & civil • Goal is to ensure justice and protect the weak. • Treated nobles and commoners different. • Retaliatory - an “eye for and eye” legal system. • http://www.youtube.co m/watch?v=oDALXORbtR 4 Why is it important for a society to have established and defined laws and rules? City States of Mesopotamia • After 3000 BC, war became more common and warriors became permanent leaders • Fought other city-states – Border disputes – Raiding cattle Sumerian war chariot, c. 2500 BC • Dynasties established – Series of priest-kings passing power on to their own sons Sumerian soldier with armored cloak Sumerian Culture • Religion Sumerian Gods – Polytheistic • About 3000 gods in all • Gods were immortal and all powerful • Many had human traits – Built ziggurats to please the gods • Temples were home of gods • Tower of Babel from bible a ziggurat Ziggurat Sumerian Technology • Invented the wheel for both trade and war, around 3500 BC • Sail helped trade • Plow improved farming • Sun dried mud bricks allowed for construction of buildings (why use mud?) Sumerian Technology: Cuneiform and Counting • First system of writing – Used wedge shaped reed pressed into wet clay tablet – Tablet then fired in oven to create permanent record • Number system was base 60 – Still used today (time, circle) Sumerian Society PriestSumerian Hierarchy King Priests, scribes Wealthy merchants Poor (farmers, artisans) Slaves • Women had many rights, but little education Activity • Complete Code of Hammurabi PSA • Due EOC. Warm Up • What is the Code of Hammurabi? • What are the 2 rivers that dissect Mesopotamia? • What is the river that dissects Egypt? • What is the system of writing in Mesopotamia? • What is the system of writing in Ancient Egypt? Activity • Read the Ten Commandments • Read the selected rules from Hammurabi’s Code • COMPLETE BOTH ASSIGNMENTS!! • 1. Choose 1 law of Moses and 1 punishment of Hammurabi that matches and create a comic strip. • 2. Write your own commandment/code. Create ten laws and ten punishments that fit the crime of disobeying. Warm Up • CC-Egypt-Complete video guide! Egypt 3200 B.C. to 500 B.C. • Location: Northeast Africa along the Nile River. • Agriculture: Each year the Nile River floods making the surrounding land fertile. Egyptian farmers were able to grow an abundant amount of food to support the craftsmen, warriors, priests and nobles of the land. How is the location of Egypt similar to and different from that of Mesopotamia? Egypt Egypt • Government: The Egyptian Pharaoh was an absolute monarch. He owned all the land, commanded the army, made laws, controlled irrigation and grain supplies, and defended Egypt from foreign invaders. • He was considered one of the gods. What are the benefits and drawbacks to this type of government? Egypt • Religion: The Egyptian religion was polytheistic and the Pharaoh was considered a god. They built pyramids to preserve their rulers body in the afterlife. They surrounded him with gold, jewels, and other items he might need in the afterlife. • http://www.youtube.com/wat ch?v=2UvWJbh6Dxo Egypt Contributions: – Medicine: developed knowledge of the human body through embalming and surgery. – Hieroglyphics: developed one of the earliest forms of writing using pictures and symbols. – Architecture: built magnificent pyramids, temples, and palaces of stone. – Geometry: developed geometry to build projects such as the pyramids. – Astronomy: by observing the stars, they developed a calendar based on 365 days. Activity Primary Source Analysis: “Did slaves build the Great Pyramids in Giza” Due EOC. Warm Up • • • • Define pharoah Polytheism Monotheism Nile Indus Valley 2500 B.C. – 1500 B.C. Indus River Valley • Location: Along the Indus River in present-day Pakistan. • Agriculture: Farmers grew barley, wheat, dates, & melons. A surplus of food allowed them to flourish. • Building: Well-planned cities suggest they had a wellorganized government. Cities included dockyards, granaries, warehouses, & brick protective walls. They were one of the 1st societies to have ‘urban planning’ with houses connected to a public sewage system & a water supply. They also grew cotton to make clothing & had standardized weights & measures. Indus Valley • Trade: Trade was important to the economy. Small clay seals used for trading have been discovered. There was also evidence of the use of metals. • They were polytheistic & developed their own form of writing, but its never been decoded. • Collapse: There is no evidence as to what ended this civilization. Experts suggest an earthquake, a flood, a volcanic eruption or invasion were the factors. • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n7ndRwqJ YDM Shang China 1650 B.C. to 1027 B.C. • Location: Along the Huang He (Yellow River) • Agriculture: The Yellow River flooded yearly and made the area very fertile. Millet (grain) and soybeans were the main crops. Chicken and pigs were also raised. • Government: Monarchy; ruling families are called dynasties. In each dynasty the monarch had near absolute power. Shang China • Contributions: – Bronze weapons, tools, and crafts – Silk textiles – System of writing with pictographs Activity • Complete webquest for both Ancient Indus Valley and Chinese civilizations. • Due EOC.
