Download New Imperialism

The New Imperialism
1800-1914
Chapter 24
24-1 A Western Dominated World
The New Imperialism and its
Causes



Not the first time in 1800s
Americas, not in Asia or Africa
Industrial Revolution fueled it
 Economic
Interests
Rubber, petroleum, manganese,
and palm oil

 Political


and Military Interests
Bases
prestige
 Humanitarian


“little brothers”
Medicine, law, Christianity
 Social

Goals
Darwinism
Racial superiority
The Success of Western
Imperialism
 Weakness


of Nonwestern States
Draining effect of slave trade had undermined
established empires
Not strong enough
 Western
Advantages:
 Resistance


Reform culture
Nationalist movements to expel imperialists
 Criticism

at Home
Why would someone be against imperialism?
Forms of Imperial Rule

Direct v. indirect rule
• France v. England
 Colonies
 Protectorates
 Spheres
of Influence
24-2 The Partition of Africa
Africa in the Early 1800s


North Africa


Slavery, ivory, copper
Southern Africa


jihad
East Africa


Close ties to Islam; declining Ottoman
West Africa


Diverse
Shaka Zulu
The Slave Trade


Outlawed in West
Sierra Leone and Liberia
European Contacts Increase
• Medicine, steamships
 Explorers

Niger, the Nile, Congo
 Missionaries

Children in need of guidance
A Scramble for Colonies


King Leopold II of Belgium spoke of a civilized
mission to carry the light “that for millions of
men still plunged in barbarism will be the
dawn of a better era.” --Privately, he dreamed
of conquest and profit.
Sent troops to Congo setting off other
European nations to rival claims of region.

Berlin Conference
 1884, no Africans
 Horrors in the Congo
 Forced labor
 Brutalizing villagers
 Beatings
 Population
 French Expansion
 Tunisia, West and Central Africa
 As big as the continental ___
 Britain
Takes Its Share
 Clashed with Boars
 By 1910, the British
formed the Union of
South Africa
 Others Join the Scramble

Portugal, Germany, Spanish, Italy, France,
Belgium
Africans Resist Imperialism
 Ethiopia


Survives
How was King Menelik II able to preserve
Ethiopia?
Liberia
24-3 European Challenges to the
Muslim World
Stresses in the Muslim World

The Muslim world extended from western
Africa to Southeast Asia. In the 1500s, three
giant Muslim empires ruled much of this
world- the Mughals in ______, the Ottomans
in the __________, and the Safavids in ____.
 Empires


in Decline
Weak central control
Internal conflict
 Islamic
Reform Movement
 European Imperialism


Sphere of influence
Special rights for Europeans
Problems for the Ottoman
 European
states sought to benefit from the
slow crumbling of the Ottoman Empire.
 Efforts to Westernize




Railroads
Education
Military
Pros and Cons
 Young
Turks
 Massacre

of Armenians
_______ caused Ottoman tension to grow
against Armenians, a minority Christian
people.
• Genocide
• Why?
• Result:
Egypt Seeks to Modernize
 Muhammad





Ali
“father of modern Egypt”
Tax collection
Landholding system
Cotton production
Military
 The

Suez Canal
In 1859, French entrepreneur, Ferdinand de
Lessps, organized a company to build the
Suez Canal.
• Europe to South and East Asia
• Egypt’s inability to pay debts led to…
Iran and the European Powers
 Began
European reform in 1794 to 1925
 Russia and Britain


Sphere of influence
Concessions
• Military troops in Iran
24-4 The British Take Over India
East India Company and Sepoy
Rebellion

Exploiting Indian Diversity



British Policies


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
Unification problems
weapons
Christianity
Caste system
sati
Causes of Discontent



Sepoys travel
Widows
Cartridges
 Rebellion




and Aftermath
Massacre British
British torched villages
Rule of India shifts to ______.
More troops sent to India
British Colonial Rule


Ruled by viceroys
Justification
 Unequal
partnership
Cotton, jute, coal
 Unequal partnership,
favoring the British
 Machine made textiles
 Forced cash crops

 Population
Growth and Famine
 Benefits of British Rule
Different Views on Culture
 Indian

Attitudes
Some Indians were impressed
• Ram Mohun Roy


Learn from the West
Caste, child marriage, sati, purdah
 Western


Attitudes
Hinduism and Buddhism
“a single shelf of a good European library is
worth the whole native literature of India and
Arabia”
Indian Nationalism
 Indian

National Congress
Supported self-rule but supported westernstyle modernization
 Muslim


League
Muslims grew to resent _____ domination of
Congress party.
In 1906, Muslims formed the Muslim League.
Why?
24-5 China and the New
Imperialism
The Trade Issue

The Canton System
• China enjoyed a trade surplus
• Westerners had a trade deficit
 The
Opium War
In the late 1700s England
was selling opium to China.
 By 1839 China banned
the drug. Why?
 Chinese easily defeated

 Unequal




Treaties
Indemnity
Extraterritoriality
Missionaries
colonies
Internal Problems
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
Declining Qing dynasty
The Taiping Rebellion


Most devastating peasant revolt in history
“Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace”
• Hong Xiuquan
• Wanted reform such as:

Effects

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
Depopulation
decentralization
Vulnerability
Reform Efforts

Disapproval of western missionaries
• Individual choice


Self Strengthening Movement


Ci Xi
Reform with help
War With Japan
Westernization led to Japanese
imperialism in 1894

Taiwan


Spheres of Influence



Open Door Policy
French, British, German
Hundred Days of Reform

Failed, why?
The Qing Dynasty Falls


Anger against Christian and foreigners
Discontent against foreign troops
 Boxer


Uprising
1899 The Righteous Harmonious Fists
“foreign devils”
 Aftermath


of Uprising
Reform
westernization

Three Principles of the People

Sun Yixian
• Nationalism
• Democracy
• livelihood

Birth of a Republic
Ci Xi dies in 1908
 Sun Yixian named president
of Chinese republic
 For the next 37 years, China
was at war internally or externally
