Download Causes of WWI – MANIA!

Last year of the war
Main idea: The Allies sign an agreement ending
the war. The Treaty of Versailles punished
Germany, created new nations and created a
League of Nations to solve international
problems.
After viewing the clip answer the following
questions using complete sentences in your notes
1. Why did the U.S. stay out of the war at the
beginning?
2. What did the Germans promise the Mexicans if
they joined the war effort?
3. How did the U.S. find out about this promise?
4. Why did the U.S. enter the War in 1918?
Last year of the war
• 1917- Allies weakened by
Russian Revolution
• Russia withdrew from war
• Main factor for Allied
victory- U.S. entry into
war
• U.S. gave psychological
boost & fresh soldiers
Last year of the war
A new German offensive:
• w/ Russians out, Germans launch full attack
• Germans stopped in Second Battle of Marne
• A million American troops in France
• Sep 29, 1918- German leaders declare loss
Last year of the war
Collapse & Armistice
• Allies unwilling to make peace w/ imperial
German gov’t
• Social Democrats –new democratic republic
• Nov. 11, 1918 gov’t signed a truce- to stop the
fighting
Last year of the war
Revolutionary Forces
• Revolutions cont. after the war
• German Communist Party crushed by Social
Democrats
• Austria-Hungary revolutions
• Ethnic groups wanted independence
• By end of war no more Austro-Hungary
• Replaced by independent republics of Austria
Peace Settlements
• Jan 1919, reps of 27 winning Allied nations met
in Paris
• Make final settlements of WWI
Peace Settlements
Wilson’s Proposal
• Wilson proposed his
“Fourteen Points” to U.S.
Congress
• Basis for peace settlement
• Peace agreements openly
• Reducing military forces
• Right of people to have it’s
own nation
• Creating Democratic govt’s
Peace Settlements
Paris Peace Conference
• Complications: secret treaties done before the
war (European nations wanted new territories)
Bell Work
Look at your notes to help you…
1. Who met at the Paris Peace Conference?
2. What was the purpose of this conference?
Peace Settlements
• David Lloyd Georgeprime minister of Britain
• Wanted Germans to pay
Peace Settlements
• Georges Clemenceaupremier of France
• Wanted national security
• French suffered most from
German aggression
• Wanted Germany to lose all
weapons
• Germany to pay reparations
(cover all costs of the war)
• Separate Rhineland (buffer
state between France &
Germany)
Peace Settlements
• Germany not invited to conference
• Wilson- U.S. President
• Proposed a League of Nations (a world
organization to prevent future wars)
• Conference accepted idea
• U.S. Senate denied agreement
• Result: weakend Versailles treaty
Peace Settlements
Treaty of Versailles
• Peace settlement
• Consisted of five
separate treaties
• Germany, Austria,
Hungary, Bulgaria and
Turkey
Peace Settlements
• Treaty w/ Germany most important
• Article 231- Guilt Clause (declared Germany &
Austria responsible for starting the war)
• Order Germans to pay reparations for all
damage on Allied gov’ts
• Germany had to reduce its army
• Cut back navy
• Get rid of air force
• Alsace & Lorraine went to France
Peace Settlements
• Demilitarized zone in
Rhineland
• This would serve as barrier
from any future German
attacks on France
• German gov’t unhappy w/
treaty
• Accepted- didn’t want to
risk new war
Peace Settlements
A New Map of Europe
• Europe was largely redrawn
• German & Russian empires lost much territory
• Austro-Hungary disappeared
• New nation-states appeared
• Romania had new lands
Peace Settlements
• Ottoman Empire was broken
• Allies had promised independence for Arab
states
• At end of war, changed their mind
• France took Lebanon & Syria
• Britain took Iraq & Palestine
• Acquisitions called mandates:
•
Nation officially governed another nation, but did not
own territory
Peace Settlements
War’s Legacy
• Death of almost 10 million people
• Power of gov’t over citizens increased
• Revolutions broke up old empires
• Creation of new states, new problems
• Hope the world would return to normal- not the
case
Bell Work
1. What was the “Guilt Clause” in the Treaty
of Versailles?
2. How was Germany punished in the
treaty?
3. Based on how the war ended and the
peace settlements, what changes, if any
would you make to the treaties and why?
Bell Work
1. Based on what you’ve read so far is the
Treaty of Versailles a Treaty of justice or
a treaty of vengeance?
2. Is there anything on the documents that
you don’t understand or agree with?
Directions…
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Review Quiz
Finish Treaty of Versailles documents
Exit ticket
Stay in your seats
Questions? Raise your hand
Voice level: whispers
Pack up until I ASK.
Exit ticket
After reading all the document answer the
following on a separate half sheet of paper…
(respond in 1 paragraph using 5-7 complete
sentences)
Based on what you’ve read was the Treaty of
Versailles a treaty of justice or vengeance?
Give specific examples from the text. And
how would you change it to make more a
treaty of justice or vengeance?