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Last year of the war Main idea: The Allies sign an agreement ending the war. The Treaty of Versailles punished Germany, created new nations and created a League of Nations to solve international problems. After viewing the clip answer the following questions using complete sentences in your notes 1. Why did the U.S. stay out of the war at the beginning? 2. What did the Germans promise the Mexicans if they joined the war effort? 3. How did the U.S. find out about this promise? 4. Why did the U.S. enter the War in 1918? Last year of the war • 1917- Allies weakened by Russian Revolution • Russia withdrew from war • Main factor for Allied victory- U.S. entry into war • U.S. gave psychological boost & fresh soldiers Last year of the war A new German offensive: • w/ Russians out, Germans launch full attack • Germans stopped in Second Battle of Marne • A million American troops in France • Sep 29, 1918- German leaders declare loss Last year of the war Collapse & Armistice • Allies unwilling to make peace w/ imperial German gov’t • Social Democrats –new democratic republic • Nov. 11, 1918 gov’t signed a truce- to stop the fighting Last year of the war Revolutionary Forces • Revolutions cont. after the war • German Communist Party crushed by Social Democrats • Austria-Hungary revolutions • Ethnic groups wanted independence • By end of war no more Austro-Hungary • Replaced by independent republics of Austria Peace Settlements • Jan 1919, reps of 27 winning Allied nations met in Paris • Make final settlements of WWI Peace Settlements Wilson’s Proposal • Wilson proposed his “Fourteen Points” to U.S. Congress • Basis for peace settlement • Peace agreements openly • Reducing military forces • Right of people to have it’s own nation • Creating Democratic govt’s Peace Settlements Paris Peace Conference • Complications: secret treaties done before the war (European nations wanted new territories) Bell Work Look at your notes to help you… 1. Who met at the Paris Peace Conference? 2. What was the purpose of this conference? Peace Settlements • David Lloyd Georgeprime minister of Britain • Wanted Germans to pay Peace Settlements • Georges Clemenceaupremier of France • Wanted national security • French suffered most from German aggression • Wanted Germany to lose all weapons • Germany to pay reparations (cover all costs of the war) • Separate Rhineland (buffer state between France & Germany) Peace Settlements • Germany not invited to conference • Wilson- U.S. President • Proposed a League of Nations (a world organization to prevent future wars) • Conference accepted idea • U.S. Senate denied agreement • Result: weakend Versailles treaty Peace Settlements Treaty of Versailles • Peace settlement • Consisted of five separate treaties • Germany, Austria, Hungary, Bulgaria and Turkey Peace Settlements • Treaty w/ Germany most important • Article 231- Guilt Clause (declared Germany & Austria responsible for starting the war) • Order Germans to pay reparations for all damage on Allied gov’ts • Germany had to reduce its army • Cut back navy • Get rid of air force • Alsace & Lorraine went to France Peace Settlements • Demilitarized zone in Rhineland • This would serve as barrier from any future German attacks on France • German gov’t unhappy w/ treaty • Accepted- didn’t want to risk new war Peace Settlements A New Map of Europe • Europe was largely redrawn • German & Russian empires lost much territory • Austro-Hungary disappeared • New nation-states appeared • Romania had new lands Peace Settlements • Ottoman Empire was broken • Allies had promised independence for Arab states • At end of war, changed their mind • France took Lebanon & Syria • Britain took Iraq & Palestine • Acquisitions called mandates: • Nation officially governed another nation, but did not own territory Peace Settlements War’s Legacy • Death of almost 10 million people • Power of gov’t over citizens increased • Revolutions broke up old empires • Creation of new states, new problems • Hope the world would return to normal- not the case Bell Work 1. What was the “Guilt Clause” in the Treaty of Versailles? 2. How was Germany punished in the treaty? 3. Based on how the war ended and the peace settlements, what changes, if any would you make to the treaties and why? Bell Work 1. Based on what you’ve read so far is the Treaty of Versailles a Treaty of justice or a treaty of vengeance? 2. Is there anything on the documents that you don’t understand or agree with? Directions… 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Review Quiz Finish Treaty of Versailles documents Exit ticket Stay in your seats Questions? Raise your hand Voice level: whispers Pack up until I ASK. Exit ticket After reading all the document answer the following on a separate half sheet of paper… (respond in 1 paragraph using 5-7 complete sentences) Based on what you’ve read was the Treaty of Versailles a treaty of justice or vengeance? Give specific examples from the text. And how would you change it to make more a treaty of justice or vengeance?