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World War I: The Fighting Ends US History Honors The German War Machine • Germany faced troubles in 1918 • A home front revolution forced the Kaiser into exile • Shortage of soldiers (Iron Youth was gone); munity in Navy • US entry proved to be too much for them (fresh troops & morale) Germany Surrenders Armistice • November 1918, Germany asked for an armistice • November 11, 1918 – fighting stopped (Armistice Day) • The Allied Powers had won the Great War • Allied blockade of German ports continued until the treaty was signed Peace Conference at Versailles Peace Conference - Versailles • Peace Conference – Versailles, France (January 1919) • Major Participants (The Big Four) • • • • Prime Minister David Lloyd George of Great Britain: sought $$$ Premier Georges Clemenceau of France: sought revenge Vittorio Orlando of Italy: sought land promised to them earlier President Wilson of the US: sought Peace without Victory • What resulted was dictated peace – Germany was not allowed inside, but hoped the peace would be based on Wilson’s plan Peace Conference Treaty of Versailles • The Treaty of Versailles (June 28, 1919) product of compromise • New independent nations were formed in Europe • Empires were destroyed and ethnic groups were united • A League of Nations was formed to maintain peace and prevent future world wars (Wilson’s 14th Point) • Germany was blamed & punished for WWI (war guilt clause) • Asked to pay huge reparations ($33 billion) • Forced to give up large amounts of land • Massive disarmament left them with only a defensive army Treaty of Versailles Rejected in the United States • The Treaty was REJECTED at home, despite Wilson’s efforts • • • • Many feared the “League” was just another alliance The US never joined; rejected by the US Senate in 1920 Most Americans desired isolationism The US made a separate peace treaty with Germany in 1921 Result of the Treaty of Versailles • The Treaty of Versailles planted the seeds of German bitterness after WWI that allowed for Adolf Hitler to rise to power and begin World War II