Download Chapter 6, Section 2a

Lesson 5.3:
The French and Indian War
Today we will explain how the French
and Indian War began to divide American
colonists from the British government.
Vocabulary
• proclamation – an official government
announcement
• interior – the part of a country far from
the coastline
• foreshadow – to predict through events
• invincible – undefeatable by any
opponent
Check for Understanding
• What are we going to do today?
• Why is it incorrect to describe Menifee
as being an interior part of the U.S.?
• Can you name an invincible sports
team?
• What might your Progress Report
foreshadow?
What We Already Know
By the 1730s,
thirteen separate
colonies
had been
established by
England up and
down the Atlantic
coast of North
America.
What We Already Know
During the period
of
salutary
neglect,
colonists enjoyed
a greater degree
of freedom and
self-government
than ever before.
What We Already Know
The Great Awakening helped colonists to
become comfortable with the idea of
challenging authority, either in the church or
in the government.
France Claimed Western Lands
• While English colonists
were settling the eastern
coast, the French were
exploring the North
American interior.
• By the late 1600s, French
explorers had claimed the
Ohio River valley, the
Mississippi River valley,
and the entire Great Lakes
region.
France Claimed Western Lands
The French built their main settlements,
Quebec and Montreal, along the St.
Lawrence River in Canada.
France Claimed Western Lands
France also built forts along the
Great Lakes and along rivers that fed
into the Mississippi River.
France Claimed Western Lands
• Some Europeans in New France were Jesuit
priests who wanted to convert Native Americans
to Christianity.
• Others worked as fur traders.
Native American Alliances
• The English competed with the French in North
America over the rich fur trade.
• In turn, the fur trade led to economic and military
alliances between the Europeans and their Native
American trading partners.
• The Indian peoples of the Great Lakes region
were allied with the French, while those of upper
New York often were allied with the English.
Native American Alliances
• As Native American tribes
competed with each other
for furs, wars broke out
between them.
• When France and England
went to war, their colonists
in North America attacked
each other’s settlements
and forts.
• As the Europeans fought,
their Indian allies joined in.
Anybody recognize this Huron Warrior?
Wes Studi
Native American
(Cherokee)
Actor
Vietnam Vet
War Begins
and Spreads
• When war broke out
between France and
Britain, Benjamin
Franklin suggested
that the colonies band
together for defense.
• His Albany Plan of
Union was the first
formal proposal to
unite the colonies.
The Albany Plan of Union
Still, it foreshadowed the
time when the colonies
would band together to
fight for independence
from Britain.
• Representatives from
each colony would
form a Grand Council,
able to collect taxes,
raise armies, and
make treaties.
• Colonial legislatures
later defeated the plan
because they did not
want to give up
control of their own
affairs.
Why were the French and English
competing for control of North
America?
A. Both nations saw military advantages in
possessing North America.
B. Control of North America would give
either nation access to trade with Asia.
C. Both countries desired the wealth in
gold and other precious metals that they
knew could be found in North America.
D. North America was an almost limitless
source of wealth in furs.
How did their relationships with
European nations lead to conflict
between different Indian groups?
A. Tribes disagreed about uniting to force the
Europeans to remove their colonies.
B. Only some of the Native American groups
wanted to continue trading with Europeans.
C. Some groups had economic loyalties with
the French and others with the British.
D. The British and French had spread insulting
rumors about the different tribes.
What was the intent of the
Albany Plan of Union?
A. To request the help of
the British military
B. To defend the colonies
against France and its
native American allies
C. To prevent the French
from attacking
American outposts
D. To support George
Washington's desire to
head the colonial militia
Why was Franklin’s Albany Plan
of Union historically important?
A. It was the first attempt to
bring self–government to
the colonies.
B. It hinted at the time when
the colonies would join to
fight a common foe.
C. It foreshadowed the time
when the colonies would
unite to fight Indians.
D. It made Benjamin Franklin
a leading figure in the
colonies.
Braddock’s Defeat
• British General Edward Braddock and two
regiments came to Virginia in 1755.
• On July 9, near Fort Duquesne, French and Indian
troops surprised Braddock’s forces.
• General Braddock died from his wounds and
nearly 1,000 of his men were killed or wounded.
• American colonists were stunned by Braddock’s
defeat and by many other British losses over the
next two years.
William Pitt Takes Charge
• In 1757, Britain’s new
secretary of state William
Pitt was determined to win
the war in the colonies.
• He sent the nation’s best
generals to America and
borrowed money to hire
colonial troops to fight.
• By 1760, Canada was in
British hands and by 1763
France had surrendered.
The Treaty of Paris
• Under the Treaty
of Paris, France
gave up all its
land in North
America to Great
Britain.
• Britain gave its
ally, Spain, all
the land west of
the Mississippi.
How was Prime Minister William
Pitt's able to turn things around
for the British in the war?
A. He made new alliances that won Iroquois
loyalty from the French to the British.
B. He persuaded Parliament to spend more
money on war materiel and mercenaries.
C. He sent the nation’s best generals to
America and borrowed money to hire
colonial troops to fight.
D. He made an alliance with Russia that
doomed the French to defeat.
15. What was decided by the
French and Indian War?
A. The British would control most of
North America, not the French.
B. British settlers would be allowed
to settle lands as far west as the
Mississippi River.
C. All the British claims in New York
would be turned over to France.
D. All Native American land claims
should be respected.
How were maps of North
America different after the war?
A. France no longer appeared on any
maps of North America.
B. Spain now owned all the land west of
the Mississippi.
C. For the first time, Britain controlled
the coast of North America.
D. The Great Lakes region were now
controlled by Russia and Austria.
Choose all that are true!
Pontiac’s Rebellion
British settlers
began moving
across the
mountains onto
Native American
land in the spring
and summer of
1763.
Pontiac’s Rebellion
• Indians responded by attacking settlers
and British forts west of the Appalachians.
• This revolt was called Pontiac’s Rebellion,
after the Ottawa war leader.
Pontiac’s Rebellion
• The British finally invited Indian war leaders in to
talk and then gave them blankets infected with
smallpox as gifts.
• By the fall, the Native Americans had retreated
and the uprising was over.
• Still, Pontiac’s Rebellion made the British
government see that defending Western lands
would be expensive.
The Proclamation of 1763
• Parliament issued the
Proclamation of 1763, which
forbade colonists to settle west
of the Appalachians.
• The colonists felt they had won
the right to settle the Ohio River
Valley.
• The British government was
angry because the colonists did
not want to pay for their own
defense.
• This hostility helped cause the
war for American independence.
Why did Pontiac lead an uprising
against the British?
A. British settlers were moving across the
mountains onto Native American land.
B. He had not received the items he had
been promised by the British for his aid
against the French.
C. He had learned about the British use of
disease–laden blankets before 1763.
D. He wanted to establish an all–Native
American empire in North America.
How did the British defeat
Pontiac’s forces?
A. They sent thousands of German mercenaries to America to fight the Indians.
B. They made a new alliance with France to
combine forces against them.
C. They invited Pontiac to truce talks, but
then took him prisoner.
D. They gave the Indians smallpox-infected
blankets as gifts.
16. How was the Proclamation of 1763
a response to Pontiac’s Rebellion?
A. It reflected Parliament’s desire to make
alliances with Indian peoples living east of
the Mississippi River.
B. It led to the destruction of Indian peoples
living east of the Mississippi River.
C. It reflected Parliament’s desire to expand its
colonial settlements into the West.
D. Parliament hoped it would reduce clashes
between settlers and Indians.
17. Why did the Proclamation of
1763 anger colonists?
A. It placed a tax on sugar, molasses, and other
products shipped to the colonies.
B. It would keep them from moving west across
the Appalachian Mountains to get new land.
C. It called for harsh punishment of smugglers.
D. They felt that Britain had no right to tax them
directly, since they were not represented in
Parliament.
Which of the following does NOT help explain
why historians view the outcome of the
French and Indian War to be a prelude to the
American Revolution?
A. It made the colonists angry toward the
British government.
B. It gave many colonists valuable military
experience.
C. It demonstrated to the colonists that the
British army was not invincible.
D. It showed the colonists a way to defeat
the British later on.
Choose the statement that is NOT true!