Download The US and the World

The US and the
World
Chapter 19
Mrs. Hauber
Section 1: Looking Outward

Expansionism—outward
movement of goods,
ships, dollars, people,
and ideas.

Imperialism— the attempt
to create an empire either
directly or through
political and economic
dominance.
A. Early Expansion

Caleb Cushing—
secured trading in
China in 1844.

Matthew Perry—
secured trading in
Japan with the Treaty
of Kanagawa
B. Reasons for Expansion
Economic Opportunities—New Markets
 World Power
 Natural Resources
 Spread of Religion
 Increased Prosperity and Security
 Spread of Beliefs (Democracy)

C. William Seward
Secretary of State who purchased Alaska
from Russia for 7.2 million
 “Seward’s Folly”—nickname given to the
purchase because most thought it was just
a frozen wasteland
 Proved very lucrative and two resources
that came out of it were gold from the
Yukon Valley and oil.

D. The Treaty of Washington
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During the Civil War, Great Britain unlawfully
helped the Confederates by destroying Union
ships
Alabama—name of ship that destroyed over 60
US ships
Britain had to pay $15.5 million to US
Set a precedent of peaceful ways to settle a
disagreement (arbitration)
E. US Involvement in Mexico

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Napoleon sent French
army to overthrow Mexico
in 1864
Maximilian—appointed to
be emperor of the “new”
Mexico
US threatened troops and
the French pulled out
Maximilian was shot by
Mexican firing squad
F. US Involvement in
Chile
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US wanted to trade with Latin America.
Organization of the American States—
encourages more cordial and equal relations
among unequal countries of Latin America.
Baltimore—name of the US cruiser that sailors
departed from in Chile.(2 Amer. Killed and 18
injured)
US threatened war and Chile apologized and
paid damages.
Section 2: Expanding on the Seas
By 1900, the United
States was the third
ranking naval power
A. Sea Power
• Captain Alfred Thayer Mahan—wrote “The
Influence of Sea Power Upon History”
– Need for more markets
– Need for powerful navy to support trade
– Colonies to provide raw
materials
– Naval bases
– Panama Canal
B. Supporters of Alfred Mahan
• Teddy Roosevelt—Assistant Secretary to
the Navy who believed in American
expansion
• Henry Cabot Lodge—Senator from Mass.
That called for a bigger navy and the
annexation of Hawaii
• Albert Beveridge—Senator from Indiana
that spoke about the importance of trade.
C. Interest in Hawaii
• Americans settled in Hawaii to become
sugar planters
• In 1875 sugar could enter the US duty
free
• In 1890 the McKinley tariff gave domestic
sugar producers a bounty
• Annexing Hawaii would give sugar
planters (in Hawaii) the same privilege
D. The Annexation of Hawaii
• Queen Lilikoulani was overthrown by American
•
•
•
•
settlers and Marines (with support of Harrison)
John Stevens—helped the rebels overthrow the
Queen
Treaty for annexation was sent to the Senate,
but never approved
In 1893, Grover Cleveland withdrew treaty and
restored “Queen Lil” to the throne.
In 1898, US finally annexed Hawaii
E. The Venezuelan Boundary
Dispute
• Britain laid claim to part of Venezuela
• Venezuelans begged US to intervene
under the Monroe Doctrine
• Averting a war, Britain finally
agreed to arbitration
• Showed a more aggressive
nature from the US
Section 3: The Spanish-American War

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American attitudes were starting to change.
Many realized the need for imperialism in
order to secure our own position in a world of
growing imperial powers.
The Spanish-American War marked the rise
of the United States as a global military
power.
A. Revolt in Cuba

US was always interested in Cuba

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

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Sugar plantations
Panama Canal
Investments in railroads
Cuba was a colony of Spain
Cuban rebels fought for independence from
Spain
B. Spain’s Response

Valeriano “Butcher” Weyler—ruthless
General sent by Spain to put down revolt.

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Concentration camps
Torture
Starvation and Disease
C. The Yellow Press

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Type of journalism that told
scandalous stories to sell papers.
Joseph Pulitzer—headed “New York World”
Magazine and printed sensational stories of
Spanish atrocities.

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Invented the “Yellow Kid”—first comic strip in
America
William Randolph Hearst—headed the “New
York Journal”
D. Other events that led to US
Involvement

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Dupuy DeLome—Spanish ambassador in
Cuba that wrote a letter which insulted our
President.
Letter was published in US by the Yellow
Press
Sinking of the Maine—US Battleship that
exploded outside of the Cuba. 260 died. US
blamed Spain.
E. US Goes to War
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McKinley did not want war; but Americans
demanded it.
Spain offered to give Cubans their
independence, but we declared War two days
later anyway.
April 11, 1898 US declares War
F. Defeat of the Spanish Fleet

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George Dewey—
ordered by TR to attack
Spanish Fleet at the
Philippines
Dewey had a great
victory—won within 7
hours!
G. The Rough Riders

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A group of cowboys,
sheriffs, and
desperados from the
west led by TR
They defeated the
Spanish at San Juan
Hill in Cuba
Cheering Americans
celebrated their victory
all over the US.
H. “Splendid Little War”

Nickname given to the Spanish American
War by John Hay

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Lasted only 4 months
Only 385 battle deaths
Acquired an empire
Marked a big change in how the US related to the
world
I. US Acquisitions

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Puerto Rico
Guam—to be used as a refueling station in
the middle of the Pacific Ocean
Philippines
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All 7000 islands
Paid 20 million to Spain for land
J. Anti-Imperialists
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Those who were against the acquisition of
new territories
Reasons:
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Undermines democracy
Threatens American culture
Invites perpetual war
Hypocritical
Famous anti-imperialists included: Samuel
Gompers, Andrew Carnegie, and William
Jennings Bryan
K. The Filipino War
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Filipinos wanted independence; they went
from being ruled by Spain to being ruled by
the US.
Emilio Aguinaldo—Filipino that led revolt
against Americans
US used brutal methods to put the Filipinos
down
War lasted three years
L. Election of 1900
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McKinley vs. William
Jennings Bryan
Imperialism was at the
heart of the election
McKinley won easily
M. Reorganization of Cuba
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Cuba was given independence
Teller Amendment—pledged that the US would not
exercise sovereignty over Cuba
Leonard Wood—helped repair Cuba from the
revolution
Walter Reed—helped stamp out yellow fever
Platt Amendment—stated that although Cuba could
have its own constitution, they had to include the US
right to intervene if our interests were being
threatened.
N. Trade With China

Spheres of Influence—
Land was leased to
spec
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Open Door Policy-Ever nation would have
equal commercial
treatment throughout
China.
O. Boxer Rebellion
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Boxers—Chinese rebels that rose up against
foreign influence.
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Believed their hands were magic
Into martial arts
Outraged, many of the Great Powers wanted
to divide China up and acquire it.
US preserved China’s independence by
urging the Great Powers to resume Open
Door Policy