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By Dalton Mangan Origins of Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution of the late 18th and early 19th centuries was revolutionary because it changed the productive capacity of England, Europe and United States. Industrial Revolution: New Machines Throughout the Industrial Revolution there were several new inventions and machines revolutionized the time era. Such as the telegraph, cotton gin, steam engine, and the telephone. Effects of Industrial Revolution on Society The Industrial Revolution had both positive and negative effects. Some negative effects were death and illness because of working conditions. Some positive effects were cheaper prices and quicker production rates. Political and Economic Revolution on Society There were several political and economic effects during the Industrial Revolution. Some included moving from rural to urban areas. An increase in the number of factories. Factory System : Social Impact When people worked in the factories the working conditions were completely terrible. There was so much pollution the people that didn’t die from that they had terrible medical problems. They also had kids working in these factories. Factory System: Economic Impact The economic effects were the upside to the Industrial Revolution. It caused the price of items to go down. It also increased the production rate of items. American Revolution: Causes The reason the American Revolution happened is because the American colonies wanted independence. A couple other reasons was the Intolerable acts. American Revolution: Impact Some of the impacts that were caused because of the American Revolution were the American colonies gained their independence. French Revolution: Causes There were several reasons for the French Revolution. One was they had a terrible leader which was Louis the XVI. It was also they had terrible financial problems. National Assembly The national assembly was created in order to help fix the financial problems of France. It also had the three estates. French Revolution: Convention to Napoleon When Napoleon Bonaparte was the leader of France, France started to become the dominating power of all of Europe. Napoleon was a wise and dominant leader. Napoleon Bonaparte Napoleon Bonaparte was a great French leader that arose during the French Revolution. He led the French to a dominating run in Europe. Congress of Vienna The Congress of Vienna was a congress of Ambassadors that was held in Vienna. The purpose of the congress was to help face the problems of the uprising French revolution and other uprisings. Latin American Independence Movements Around the time of the French Revolution, Latin America saw that they wanted some freedom so they started to rebel. Some of the movements in Latin American including the Haitian, Brazilian, and the Mexican. Simon Bolivar Simon Bolivar was the greatest leader of Latin America’s Independence movement from Spain. A great general and a brilliant politician, he not only drove the Spanish from northern South America but also was instrumental in the early formative years of the republics that sprang up once the Spanish had gone. Haitian Revolution The Haitian Revolution was described as one of the most successful slave rebellions in the western hemisphere. Haiti wanted freedom from France so in order to do that they rebelled. Toussaint Louverture Toussaint Louverture was a great leader in the Haitian Revolution. He was the person that took charge when no one else did. After 10 years of leading Haiti in the revolution he had freed every single slave on the island. Conservatism in Europe Margaret Thatcher is a British politician, the longest-serving Prime Minister of the United Kingdom of the 20th century, and the only woman ever to have held the post. A Soviet journalist nicknamed her the "Iron Lady", which became associated with her uncompromising politics and leadership style. As Prime Minister, she implemented Conservative policies that have come to be known as Thatcherism. Liberalism in Europe liberalism in Europe is a political movement that supports a broad tradition of individual liberties and constitutionally-limited and democratically accountable government. Nationalism Nationalism is a belief system, creed or political ideology that involves a strong identification of a group of individuals with a nation. Socialism Socialism is an economics system characterized by social ownership of the means of production and co-operative management of the economy. Karl Marx Karl Marx today is known as the father of the socialist movement. He was a brilliant philosopher. He also was considered one of the greatest economist of all time. Unification of Germany In the 19th century Germany was unified by Otto von Bismarck. He was Chancellor of Prussia from and of the newly united Germany from. Otto von Bismarck Otto von Bismarck was a conservative German statesmen. He played an important role of the unification of Germany. Italian Unification Italian unification meaning it was the political and social movement that agglomerated different states of the Italian peninsula into the single state of Italy in the 19th century. It was unified by Giuseppe Garibaldi. He was an antiCatholic Freemason and is considered an Italian war hero. Zionism Zionism is a form of nationalism of Jews and Jewish culture that supports a Jewish nation state in the country defined as the Land of Israel. Crimean War The Crimean War was a conflict between the Russian Empire and an alliance of the French Empire, the British Empire, the Ottoman Empire, and the Kingdom of Sardinia. Emancipation of Serfs in Russia The Emancipation Reform of 1861 in Russia was the first and most important of liberal reforms effected during the reign of Alexander II of Russia. New Imperialism New Imperialism refers to the colonial expansion adopted by Europe's powers, the United States and, later, Japan during the 19th and early 20th centuries; expansion took place from the French conquest of Algeria until World War I: approximately 1830 to 1914. “The White Man’s Burden” “The White Man’s Burden” is a poem by the English poet Rudyard Kipling. Social Darwinism Social Darwinism is an ideology of society that seeks to apply biological concepts of Darwinism or of evolutionary theory to sociology and politics, often with the assumption that conflict between groups in society leads to social progress. Direct vs. Indirect Control ( of Colonial Possessions ) As European nations tries to expand their authority over weaker lands, they needed to decide if their rule was direct or indirect. Direct: the colony is under control by the mother country as a result of conquest. Indirect: the colony was given a degree of autonomy (independence). Sepoy Rebellion One of the most well-known uprisings during the British colonization of India was a mutiny of the native troops known as "sepoys“. The Sepoy rebellion was a complete surprise to the British. Indian National Congress (INC) : Origins On 15 August 1947, the Indian National Congress was the largest and most prominent Indian public organization, and central and defining influence of the Indian Independence Movement. King Leopold Leopold II was the King of the Belgians, and is mainly remembered for the founding and brutal exploitation of the Congo Free State. Berlin Conference (1884-1885) The Berlin Conference also "Congo Conference” of 1884–85 regulated European colonization and trade in Africa during the New Imperialism period, and coincided with Germany's sudden emergence as an imperial power. Opium War: Causes Causes: British aggression and expansionism. - Opium became the most valuable commodity trade in the 19th century and financed much of Britain's colonization of India. Amount of drug addicts increased to about 12.5 million in 1836. Manchu's corrupt and backward government refused to trade with the British. Had to instigate redress. Opium: Results British gain rights in Chinese ports. That means more ports are opened. Extraterritoriality - Foreign citizens subject to their home laws. Taiping Rebellion ( 1850’s and 1860’s) The Taiping Rebellion is one of the biggest and bloodiest Civil Wars in history, seemingly forgotten today, in the 1860’s the small but prominent role played by many Westerners in the conflict was very important in ending the conflict. Self-Strengthening Movement The Self-Strengthening Movement, was a period of institutional reforms initiated during the late Qing Dynasty following a series of military defeats and concessions to foreign powers. Spheres of Influence A sphere of influence (SOI) is a spatial region or concept division over which a state or organization has significant cultural, economic, military, or political influence Boxer Rebellion (1899-1900) The Boxer Rebellion, Boxer Uprising or Yihetuan Movement, was an antiforeign, proto-nationalist movement by the Righteous Harmony Society in China between 1898 and 1901, opposing foreign imperialism and Christianity. Monroe Doctrine The Monroe Doctrine was a policy of the United States introduced on December 2, 1823. It stated that further efforts by European nations to colonize land or interfere with states in North or South America would be viewed as acts of aggression, requiring U.S. intervention. Spanish – American War The Spanish–American War was a conflict in 1898 between Spain and the United States, effectively the result of American intervention in the ongoing Cuban War of Independence. American attacks on Spain's Pacific possessions led to involvement in the Philippine Revolution. U.S. Open Door Policy The Open Door Policy is a concept in foreign affairs, which usually refers to the policy in 1899 allowing multiple Imperial powers access to China, with none of them in control of that country. Opening of Japan On March 31 1854 representatives of Japan and the United States signed a historic treaty. A United States naval officer, Commodore Matthew C. Perry, negotiated endlessly for several months with Japanese leaders to accomplish the goal of opening the doors of trade with Japan. Meiji Restoration The Meiji Restoration also known as the Meiji Ishin Revolution, was a chain of events that restored imperial rule to Japan in 1868 under Emperor Meiji. Sino Japanese War There were actually two Sino Japanese Wars. The First Sino–Japanese War was fought between Qing Dynasty China and Meiji Japan, primarily over control of Korea. The Second Sino-Japanese War was a military conflict fought primarily between the Republic of China and the Empire of Japan from 1937 to 1941. China fought Japan with some economic help from Germany, the Soviet Union and the United States. Decline of Ottoman Empire The Decline of the Ottoman Empire is the period that followed after the Stagnation of the Ottoman Empire in which the empire experienced several economic and political setbacks. Muhammad Ali Muhammad Ali was an Albanian commander in the Ottoman army, who became Wāli, and self-declared Khedive of Egypt and Sudan. Wāli is an administrative title that was used during the Arab Empire and Ottoman Empire to assign governors of administrative divisions. Steam Engine The steam engine was the first engine that had a widespread use. It was mainly used to power locomotives. Interchangeable Parts During the Industrial Revolution of the 19th century, machines took over most of the manufacturing work from men, and factories replaced workers. The event that laid the groundwork for this amazing change was the introduction of interchangeable parts. Cotton Gin The cotton gin was invented in 1793 by Eli Whitney. The cotton gin was a device that made picking the seeds out of cotton so much faster. It helped improve the production rate of cotton in the Americas. Telegraph The telegraph was invented in 1809 by Samuel Soemmering. The telegraph was a new and effective way of getting messages to someone faster.