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1750-1900 Marcia Louise Hall ORIGINS OF INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION • The Purpose of the Industrial Revolution was to create and advance manual labor. • This caused more workers for the fields to help tend to crops. INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION: NEW MACHINES • Telephone • Sewing Machine • Telegraph • Diesel Engine • Airplane • Cotton Gin EFFECTS OF INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION ON SOCIETY • The society caused a great expansion in urbanization. • Factories were created. This gave people more jobs. • Cities were built and that gave people a chance to move and start over. POLITICAL & ECONOMICAL EFFECTS OF INDUSTRIALIZATION Political: The industrial Economical: Basically, revolution wouldn’t have been successful without politics. It was also known as the political revolution. industrialization negatively effected the area because it caused an environmental change. FACTORY SYSTEM: SOCIAL IMPACT This was a method of manufacturing! This method was first brought up by England, in 1750’s at the start of the Industrial Revolution. FACTORY SYSTEM: ECONOMIC IMPACT People who worked didn’t have to work quite as hard to get things they wee in need of. The resources were in full supply a majority of the time. It was easier to buy or trade for these items. AMERICAN REVOLUTION: CAUSES Colonists were taxed without any representation. They decided they wouldn’t stand for “taxation without representation”. Another cause was the age of enlightenment! AMERICAN REVOLUTION: IMPACT Many people died, giving their lives for America. This was a sign of Patriotism. It gave them freedom from the British that 1/3 gave at a time. FRENCH REVOLUTION: CAUSES • Absolute Monarchy • Unfair taxes • Unfair social classes • Enlightenment spread • Poor farming • Louis XVI did NOT accept reforms • National Assembly was created NATIONAL ASSEMBLY • The definition of NATIONAL ASSEMBLY is, “the name of a legislature or the lower house of a bicameral legislature”. • During the French Revolution, the National Assembly was called “Assemblèe nationale”. • This occurred in 1789. FRENCH REVOLUTION: CONVENTION TO NAPOLEON Napoleon became emperor and stopped the French Revolution. He them made France and empire. He was kind of conceited and crowned himself emperor . In the convention Napoleon seized power. NAPOLEON BONAPARTE He was a French Military leader and Emperor. He lead his military to Europe and defeated and conquered them all. This occurred in the 19 th century. He was the leader in the French Revolution (1789-1799). Bonaparte seized power and Crowned himself Emperor in 1804. CONGRESS OF VIENNA The Congress of Vienna was known as one of the most important worldwide conferences in the history of Europe. This conference was to help rebuild the economy after the way Napoleon I finished as emperor. It began September 1814 and ended in June 1815. LATIN AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE MOVEMENTS The Haitian Revolution was the only time in African history that Slaves stood up, and helped to overthrow the oppressors from Europe. Simon Bolivar and Toussaint L’Ouverture were two men that fought for Independence in these movements. SIMON BOLIVAR Simon Bolivar was a South American Soldier who was much needed to help fight against the Spanish Empire. He was sent to Spain to further on his education. He soon decided to travel Europe and fight for Independence. HAITIAN REVOLUTION The Haitian Revolution started August 21, 1791 and lasted until January 1, 1804. The Battle of Santo Domingo. Casualties: 100,000 Military Deaths: 37,000 Civilian Deaths: 63,000 TOUSSAINT-L’OUVERTURE Toussaint L’Ouverture was a man who helped fight for independence during the Spanish American Movements. He helped to free Haiti. L’Ovuerture wanted black African slaves to be freed from their white masters. He believed that God would terminate slavery and he felt God had called his heart to lead the fight. He was not very successful, but after he died Haiti gained freedom. CONSERVATISM IN EUROPE European conservatism was formulated by Edmund Burke, Joseph de Maistre, and others. They wanted to preserve the power of the king and aristocracy. LIBERALISM IN EUROPE Definition: The political or social Philosophy advocating the freedom of the individual, parliamentary systems of government, nonviolent modification of political, social, or economic institutions to assure unrestricted development.(Dictionary.com) • Basically Liberalism is to protect and promote individual liberty! NATIONALISM Definition: Devotion and loyalty to one’s own nation; also known as patriotism. Basically it means the wish the people in which they govern themselves. SOCIALISM Definition: A system of social organization that advocates the vesting of the ownership and control of the means of production and distribution, of capital, land, etc. Its in the community as a whole. (found on dictionary.com) KARL MARX Born in Trier Germany in 1818. He had Jewish parents but soon became an atheist as he grew older. He studied law at the University of Bonn, but soon he moved to Berlin to study philosophy. He found the “Epochs of history”. UNIFICATION OF GERMANY • 1990 German reunification in which the GDR (German Democratic Republic) joined with the FRG (Federal Republic of Germany). • Berlin was made into a single city and was put into constitution Article 23. OTTO VON BISMARCK • Chancellor of Germany. • 1871-1890. • President of Prussia from 18621890. • Wanted Germany to be whole again under unification. • Lead many wars. • Pointy Hat! ITALIAN UNIFICCATION Political and Social Movement that pushed together different states into the single state of Italy. The Italian Peninsula was pushed in! 1848-1870. ZIONISM Definition: Worldwide Jewish movement that resulted in the establishment and development of the state of Israel.(Dictionary.com) CRIMEAN WAR(1853-1856) Lasted almost 40 years. The war was fought with the same machines and materials in the last interval, as it was in the first. This was started a change in the British Military. It allowed a wealthy man to buy commission for himself and for his son also. EMANCIPATION OF SERFS IN RUSSIA(1861) The serfs were emancipated because of the Crimean War. The Crimean war left Russia in a state of weakness. Soon, Russia was back to original state and this lead to the abolishing of the Serfs. NEW IMPERIALISM: CAUSES Three causes for new imperialism: Nationalism Social Darwinism Military Development “THE WHITE MAN’S BURDEN” The White man’s burden, is a poem written in 1899. Written by Rudyard Kipling. He was an English poet. The poem was originally written for Queen Victoria’s famous “Diamond Jubilee”. SOCIAL DARWINISM Social Darwinism, is saying that the strongest would most likely survive on a higher rate, than those who weren’t strong (figuratively speaking). Herbert Spencer was the inventor of Social Darwinism. Basically, he created the thought of adaptation which is very useful ,even today. SEPOY REBELLION • The Sepoy Rebellion was also known as the Indian Revolt of 1857. • It began in May of 1857 and lasted until 1859. • It was caused by British interfering with the Indian people. This caused an oppression, leading to a revolt from the bad economy in the Indian tribes. INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS (INC): ORIGINS The INC was founded in 1885. Economic reforms were composed by the original members. They wanted a larger role to be sent in for India. In 1907 is was finalized , but the congress had split into a moderate group. The group was led by Gopal Krishna Gokhale. KING LEOPOLD • Was king for two different countries at the same time. He lived from 18351905! • He ruled over Belgium and a Congo Free state (former name of the Democratic Republic of the Congo). • He had trouble with setting up different standards and rules for both countries. BERLIN CONFERENCE (1884-1885) The African territory was invaded by the colonial powers. Political fragmentation was created in 1950 after the independence was formed. The people were unsure of the political fragmentation because they assumed it was to be unstable or overpower people because of its workability. OPIUM WAR: CAUSES The Opium War was caused when the imperialist nations wanted to trade ok things for higher prices and receive good things from China for lower prices. Things such as Silk, and spices, were wanted most of all. Silk was of value and spices cured sickness and disease and were sued for flavoring foods. OPIUM WAR: RESULTS • Also known as the Anglo-Chinese war. • These wars lasted from 1839-1842 and 1856-1859. • This war resulted in the decisive victory of the Western powers over China. • This result, resulted in the Treaty of Nanjing and also the Treaty of Tianjin. • Two wars occurred (same dates apply). TAIPING REBELLION (1850’S AND 1885’S) This was known as one of the most important events in China during the 19th Century. Occurred from 1850 through 1864. 17 provinces were brought up and over 20,000,000 lives were ended. This messed with the Qing dynasty. SELF-STRENGTHENING MOVEMENT Occurred during the Opium War. This was a reason for China wanting to strengthen its economy. They wanted to strengthen their economy because most all of their integrity was lost. SPHERES OF INFLUENCE A certain division over an organization that provides a significant political, social, economical, and military influence on the people. • Definition: any area in which one nation wields dominant power over another or others. (found on dictionary.com) BOXER REBELLION(1899-1900) • The Boxer Rebellion caused tension in China. • It targeted the Manchu dynasty and the European influence on China. • 1985, China lost control of Korea and Japan and was also defeated by Japan. • The Chinese believed the defeat was caused by the Europeans. MONROE DOCTRINE The Monroe doctrine was a set of principles known to help benefit American policies. The Doctrine consisted of 3 parts. • A reaffirmation of America’s need in Europe’s affairs. • A warning was sent out to the European nations; telling them not to mess with the independent nations of the Western Hemisphere. • A pronouncement was also sent out, letting the W. Hemisphere know the option of a colonization was no longer available. SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR(18981899) A war was declared on the United States by Spain. This war was caused because the U.S was supportive of Cuba’s wish to have an independent Spanish rule. Cubans were forced into slave communities because of the Spanish Military. Thousands of people died from starving to death and diseases. This war was declared in April of 1898. The city of Santiago, Cuba was forced to surrender. This occurred from the American ships that destroyed them. This lead to the end of the Spanish resistance. U.S. OPEN DOOR POLICY At the time no one was in control and had power over China. This meant that people could most likely do what they’d please with trade. This policy stated that Europe and the United States could trade with China as much as they’d like to. After the policy was posted, other countries saw and became upset with the unfairness that was being caused. China was aware but did not budge. This policy continued and opened up many doors for extreme trading between Europe and U.S.A. OPENING OF JAPAN • A man named Matthew Perry was a shipman who fought in numerous battles. • He was instructed to make a treaty with Japan and sign it. • He also signed an agreement, allowing him and American seaman to have use of one of the Japanese ports for trading . MEIJI RESTORATION • The Meiji Restoration was a revolution that involved the social and political aspects of Japan. • This revolution occurred from 1866 through 1869. • The Restoration caused the Tokugawa ‘shogun’, to resign and bring back the Emperor. • With the returning of the Emperor, the social and political portions were brought back to a Central position in the economy. SINO- JAPANESE WAR The first Sino-Japanese war started in 1895 with the Qing dynasty of china and the Meiji of Japan. It ended in the 8 th month with the Qing dynast losing. They asked for peace, even though the war was mainly in control of Korea. DECLINE OF OTTOMAN EMPIRE This empire fell because of internal downsizing and external pressure. With a weaker economy, this resulted in Europe “invading” Africa and “harassing” them. The Europeans did this for trade benefits to help their own country. MUHAMMAD ALI- EGYPT • Known as the “pasha of Egypt”. • Was the commander for the Turkey army in attempt to push Napoleon out of Egypt. • His plan was unsuccessful . STEAM ENGINE A steam engine is an engine that converts energy from heat to mechanical energy. This process causes the steam to travel through a cylinder, making the steam push through and rise into the air! • First steam engine was built in 1698 by Thomas Savery. • This was the largest power source during the Industrial Revolution! INTERCHANGEABLE PARTS • Interchangeable parts: To make products seem as identical as can be. • Interchangeable parts were used in factories and assembly lines to help create multiples of an item, to make things in a shorter period of time. The interchangeability allows factory workers to replace a piece or redo an item in a shorter amount of time without making mistakes. The line was mainly filled with guns to make. COTTON GIN The Cotton Gin was a machine used for making it easier to pick cotton seeds out of the ball. The wheel on the cotton gin was used for spinning cotton and creating thread. Thread was used to sew together all items of clothing. The spun cotton was also used as the material for the clothing. The gin started out with a crank to turn by hand to spin the cotton. Later on, a foot pedal replaced the hand crank to make the process easier. The inventor was Eli Whitney! TELEGRAPH • The telegraph was used as a communication device to transfer electric signals from one area to another area as a message. • Samuel F.B. Morse was the inventor of this divine invention. • He invented the telegraph in the 1830’s and in 1844, he sent the very first message. • When the message was received, it was followed by a • clicking sound. This was to alert the person a message is ready for them!