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Objectives
• You will be able to…
– Define and explain the concept
of a covenant
– Relate the importance of
covenant to the culture of the
Hebrews
– Identify specific steps in
Hebrew History
– Define the Concept of
Diaspora
– Explain the evolution of
Hebrew culture throughout
different steps of Diaspora
What priorities make you who you are?
What would you be willing to do to protect
these priorities
Concept Map
What is it?
An Agreement between a people and
their God
Concept-
Covenant
What is a specific example of it?
Athletic team
Marriage
Friendship
What is it like?
Unsaid agreement
between friends
Don’t talk about
each other behind
each other’s back
Main Idea
• The History of the
Hebrews is based in
their concept of the
covenant they share
with their God.
Geography of the Hebrews
• The Hebrews Claimed
Canaan as holy land
granted by Yahweh
(God)
• Throughout history this
land has been known as
Judea, Palestine or
most recently the
nation of Israel
– source of ongoing
conflict in Middle East
today between Arab
Palestinians and Jews
• As their locations changed so did
their identities not only being
known as the Hebrews but also
as the Canaanites, Israelites and
eventually Jews
Characteristics of the
Hebrews
• Names for the Hebrews
Israelites
•Jews
Main Idea- The history of the Hebrews actually gave rise
to three major religions today
HAGAR
ABRAHAM
SARAH
Isaac
Ishmael
12 Arabian Tribes
Jacob
12 Tribes of Israel
Muhammad
Jesus
Esau
Abraham’s Journey from Ur
•First covenant
with Adam-Adam
messed up
•Second with
Noah
•Third covenant
with AbramAbraham
•Lived as Nomadic
herders
Moved to Canaan The “Promised Land”
Ancient Palestine To Egypt
1700 B.C.E.- Abraham’s great
Grandson Joseph led the
Hebrews to Egypt
More than likely trusted the
Egyptians because they were
under another Semitic people’s
rule- The Hyksos
Moses and the Exodus
“Prince of Egypt”
“Shepherd of His People”
1300-1200 B.C.E.- Exodus- Moses leads Hebrews out of Egypt
80 year trek back to Canaan, known as the Exodus Moses doesn’t
make it
Established unity among tribes-legacies Passover, and the codified
Covenant with God
The Exodus
Main Idea- Moses “codified the Covenant
in the form of the Torah/ Pentateuch, and
the 10 Commandments
§ Torah Pentateuch
-The first 5 books
of the Hebrew
Bible.
§ The most sacred
text in the Jewish
religious tradition.
The Torah
Moses and the 10 Commandmets
Represented the
first written law in
the history of the
Hebrews
World History Quizdom
•
a.
b.
c.
d.
Yewah told Abraham
that he would bless his
people so long as he
kept his
commandments. This
is an example of…
A social contract
A codified law
A covenant
A polytheistic promise
World History Quizdom
•
a.
b.
c.
d.
The Torah
includes…
The teachings of
Muhammad
The Old and New
Testament
The Teachings of
Jesus
The First 5 books
of the Old
Testament
World History Quizdom
•
a.
b.
c.
d.
Abraham’s great
grandson led the
Hebrew people to
Egypt because…
They faced famine in
Canaan
They were being
invaded
He was an agent of
the Hyksos
They wanted to join
with the Egyptian
religion
World History Quizdom
•
a.
b.
c.
d.
Moses codified the
covenant with
Yahweh through
the…
Ten Commandments
Torah
Koran
The Bible
World History Quizdom
•
a.
b.
c.
d.
The Ten Commandments
served the Hebrews as…
A declaration of
Independence from Egypt
A law specifically set up to
secure Moses’ power
A new covenant with God
A new law to live under
Egyptian Rule
Mount Sinai
St. Catherine’s Monastery
at Mount Sinai
Era of Reconquest and
Disunity
• 1100-1020 B.C.E.Hebrews fight numerous
tribes to conquer Canaan
– Philistines in
particular
• Judges- leaders of 12
tribes
– Compete for control
over Hebrew nation
• Most powerful – Samson
and Samuel
King David’s Empire
1020 B.C.E.- competition and defeat lead Hebrews
to unite under one king- Saul
1000 B.C.E.- Discontent with Saul came from both
Yahweh and the Hebrew People- David took over
the throne
1000 B.C.E.- David, championed by the people
unites Northern and Southern Israel and
establishes Jerusalem as capital
Solomon’s
Kingdom- 970-930 B.C.
Most Prosperous Hebrew Ruler
during Israel’s Golden Age
Initiated massive building
programs-immaculate
buildings
•Most famous- The Temple
of Solomon to house the
Ark of the Covenant
Building programs =
expenses= Solomon allowed
Phoenicians to control some of
Northern Israel in return for
gold and building materials
(including some Israelis)
King Solomon’s Temple
Floor Plan
The First Temple
Inside the Temple
Tabernacle
The Arc
of the
Covenant
Kingdoms of
Judah
&
Israel
922 B.C.E.- Solomon
dies leaving weak
rulers which leads to a
split in the kingdom
Israel- 10 Tribes in the
North
Judah- 2 Tribes in the
South- Origin of the
name Jews
World History Quizdom
•
a.
b.
c.
d.
Following the death of
Solomon, the
Kingdom of Israel was
split into two
kingdoms. The North
kept the name Israel,
while the south took
the name…
Judah
Babylon
New Israel
Hebrewtopia
World History Quizdom
•
a.
b.
c.
d.
Which of the
following Hebrew
leaders was
responsible for
the building of
God’s temple in
Jerusalem?
David
Solomon
Moses
Joshua
Israelites in Diaspora- Main Idea the second era of
displacement affected the Israelites culturally and politically
Diaspora-Displacement- where
Jews forcibly moved from their
home in Canaan
•Leadership during this time
was under the Prophets
First Diaspora- 722 B.C.E.
Assyrians conquer Mesopotamia
particularly focusing on Israel
leaving Judah mostly alone
Changed Israeli make up by
introducing Samaritansdiscriminated group of mixed
Israeli and Syrian bloodlines
Second Diaspora-586 B.C.E.- Chaldeans (New Babylonians)
invaded Jerusalem and Judah, destroying Solomon’s
Temple and forcing Israelis to relocate to Babylon
World History Quizdom
•
a.
b.
c.
d.
What later,
discriminated
group resulted
from the invasion
and occupation of
the Assyrians into
Israel?
Hittites
Samaritans
Pharisees
Gentiles
World History Quizdom
•
a.
b.
c.
d.
What group served
as the interpreters
of Yewah’s will
during the era’s of
displacement?
Prophets
Priests
Lords
warriors
World History Quizdom
•
a.
b.
c.
d.
The Era of “diaspora”
was characterized
by…
Warfare amongst the
tribes of Israel
Slavery under Egypt
Displacement from
the Israelites
homeland
A brief period of
polytheism
Diaspora and Rebuilding
Contributions of Exile
• Synagogues were built
throughout Middle East
– Places of Jewish learning
– Established to maintain
their culture in a time
away from the Holy Land
• Established two new
ruling classes
– Pharisees
– Sagusees
539 B.C.E.- Persians Conquered
Chaldeans allowing Jews to return to
Jerusalem and rebuild Temple
400 B.C.E.- Torah is organized
Diaspora and Rebuilding
• 33 A.D.- Christianity branches from
Judaism
teachings of Jesus of Nazareth
Jerusalem becomes holy city
for Christians when Jesus was
crucified
• 66 A.D.- Romans invade to stop
Jewish revolution- final
destruction of Temple of David
except for wailing wall
• 77 A.D. Jews exiled from Holy
Land beginning Diaspora until late
19th century
Characteristics of the
Hebrews
• Monotheists
– Yahweh = God
– Legal System –TheocracyDivided among 12 tribesRelied upon Divine law
Also known as Israelites,
Jews
• Economy- Nomadic
herding, traders
• Impacts today
– Source of three main
world religion
Jewish Customs
Tetragrammaton
No vowels
Names for God
El Shaddai (Lord God Almighty)
El Elyon (The Most High God)
Adonai (Lord, Master)
Yahweh (Lord, Jehovah)
Jehovah Nissi (The Lord My Banner)
Jehovah-Raah (The Lord My Shepherd)
Jehovah Rapha (The Lord That Heals)
Jehovah Shammah (The Lord Is There)
Jehovah Tsidkenu (The Lord Our
Righteousness)
Jehovah Mekoddishkem (The Lord Who
Sanctifies You)
El Olam (The Everlasting God)
Elohim (God)
Qanna (Jealous)
Jehovah Jireh (The Lord Will Provide)
Jehovah Shalom (The Lord Is Peace)
Jehovah Sabaoth (The Lord of Hosts)
The Temple Mount, Jerusalem Today- Last
Remnant of the Hebrew’s Height of Power
Solomon’s Temple Wall: The “Wailing” Wall