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Sensation & Control Sensation & Response without Nerves Cnidaria: Cnidocyte discharge Sensation & response without nerves • Ctenophore apical organ Sensation & Control: generalized insect ns Mechanoreceptors • Insect haltere 335 strain receptors, 11 muscles – functions as a gyroscope, detecting slight changes in pitch, etc. transmitting to the brain, eyes, and some directly to wing pitch muscles Crustacean Sensory Systems • Lobster Statocyst • Copepod median eye Chemorecptors • Molluscan Osphradium • A) marine gastropod • B) marine pelagic gastropod Mixed sensory structures • Insect Sensilla Mixed Sensory Structures • Cnidarian Rhopalium Photosensory • Annelid eyes Photosensory • Cephalopod camera eye Photosensory • Compound Eye Ommatidia dark/light adapted appositional & superpositional eyes Photosensory • Neural Superpositional eye Nervous Systems Nerve Net & Nerve Ring in Hydra oligactis From: Koizumi 2007 Brain Behav Evol 69:151-159 Hydra Nerve Ring Function Possible origin of a Central Nervous System? From: Koizumi 2007 Brain Behav Evol 69:151-159 Central Nervous Systems Squid Giant Axons Crayfish escape reflex: fixed action pattern • Tail flip Processed Response Moth & Bat 1 • Sensory neurons with different thresholds Processed Response Moth & Bat 2 Moth & Bat 3 • Comparisons of a1 signals from different sides and in relation to wing position. • Responses adjusted. Processed response: problem solving • Jumping Spider • Detour experiments Processed Response: Learning – memory input • Octopus Cephalopod Responses • Skin coloration I Cephalopod Responses • Skin coloration 2 • CNS control Cephalopod Response Skin coloration organized, along with skin texture and body posture, to create repeatable patterns Bobtail Squid (Euprymna scolopes) Light Organ • Light is provided by a luminous bacterial symbiont Vibrio fischeri From: Nyholm and McFall-Ngai 2004 Nature reviews vol.2 August 2004 Bobtail Squid Light Organ II • Young squid must pickup symbiont from the environment. • The symbiont induces morphological changes in host creating functional light organ From Nyholm & McFall-Nagai 2004 Nature vol.2 August Bobtail squid light organ III From Nyholm & McFall-Ngai 2004 Nature vol 2 August Cephalopod communication • Body Patterns
