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Download Nervous System - Biology Junction
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Nervous System Brain Spinal Cord Nerves Neurons Neurons Parts of a Neuron • • • • Soma – cell body Dendrite – receive messages Axon – send messages out Myelin – help speed up messages, made up of Schwann cells Types of Neurons • Sensory – incoming signals • Motor - movement • Interneurons – in brain and spinal cord only (processors/relay terminals) Neural Connections • Synapse – space between axon of neuron A and dendrite of neuron B • Neurotransmitter – chemicals that diffuse across synapse to change polarity of neuron B’s dendrite membrane Central Nervous System • Brain • Spinal Cord Control center, coordinates body functions Peripheral Nervous System Carry messages to and from CNS Motor and sensory neurons found here. No interneurons here! Brain Thalamus Cerebellum Brain Stem: Pons, Midbrain, Medulla Oblongata Cerebrum Corpus Callosum Hypothalamus Pituitary Gland Autonomic Nervous System • Involuntary • Two divisions – Sympathetic – fight-or-flight responses – Parasympathetic – body at rest Somatic Nervous System • Cranial and spinal nerves • Reflexes – automatic responses to stimuli Senses • Chemoreceptors – chemicals • Photoreceptors – light • Mechanoreceptors – pressure, vibration Chemoreceptors • Taste – taste buds – Sweet – Salty – Bitter – Sour • Olfaction - smell Photoreceptors • Vision • Retina – Cones – color – Rods – black & white Mechanoreceptors • Hearing – vibration in cochlea • Balance – semicircular canals in ears • Touch – pressure, pain, heat, cold
