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NERVOUS SYSTEM II PP 1016-1024 NEURONS 1. Axons: extension of cell body 2. Axon terminal: end of the axon 3. Dendrites: receive action potentials (electrical impulse/message) from other neurons 4. Synapse: gap between neurons 5. Myelin sheath: lipid layer around axon (insulator) 6. Schwann cells: produce myelin sheath SENSORY NEURONS Taste and Smell • Chemoreceptors • Scent and taste are just chemicals Vision • Photoreceptors • 2 types: cones (bright light) and rods (dim light) Hearing and balance • Mechanoreceptors • the neurons look like hair and move to the vibration of air (hearing) or movement of fluid (balance) Pressure and Temperature • Mechanoreceptors and thermoreceptors Tissue damage • Pain receptors NERVE IMPULSES • Think of the impulse as electrical and negative • Resting potential: inactive due to “negatively” charged inside as compared to impulse • Action potential: helps the transmission of an electrical impulse by making inside more “positive” • When the impulse reaches the end (axon terminal) neurotransmitters are released from the neuron, into the synapse, to receptors in the next cell (dendrite)