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How to Turn the Ordinary into the Extraordinary in Teaching Liang-Yo Yang, DVM, Ph.D. 楊良友 Department of Physiology Taipei Medical University Contents I. What is creative teaching? II. Innovative activities for promoting neuroscience education III. How do we carry out these activities? IV. Students’ responses V. A few extras for creative teaching VI. Suggestions I. What is creative teaching? II. Innovative activities for promoting neuroscience education Goals: 1. To promote neuroscience education in a series of fun, innovative and well-organized activities 2. To cultivate students’ interest in neuroscience, to train students’ ability of independent thinking and to inspire students’ creativity III. How do we carry out these activities? Aim: 1. To promote neuroscience education in a series of fun, innovative and well-organized activities Activity 1: Sensory response of humans and rats to IR stimulus Activities 2 ~ 4:Understanding the mechanisms of learning and memory Activity 1: Plantar analgesia test Objectives: 1. To let students understand the individual differences in sensory response 2. To let students see the similarity in the stimulusresponse between humans and rats Activity 2: Stereotaxic apparatus and neuroscience research Objectives: To show students how to locate specific brain regions using the stereotaxic apparatus and to teach students its broad applications Activity 3: Water maze test for evaluation of learning and memory in mice Objective: To allow students to “witness” that mice can learn the location of the hidden platform Activity 4: Watch the video “The brain: our universe within” Objective: To teach students the basic mechanisms of learning and memory This video explains the known mechanisms of learning and memory and illustrates the importance of hippocampus in learning and memory with a vivid example. III. How do we carry out these activities? Aim 2. To cultivate students’ interest in neuroscience, to train students’ ability of independent thinking and to inspire students’ creativity Activity 5: Presentation of stories of prominent neuroscientists Activity 5: Presentation of Stories of Prominent Neuroscientists Instructions for preparing the presentation 1. Give a general introduction of a prominent neuroscientist. 2. Give an introduction of the research background. 3. What observations have led him/her to propose the hypothesis? 4. What is his/her hypothesis? 5. How did they test their hypothesis? 6. What is his/her major contribution to the research field? 7. Summary of his/her findings and the impact of the findings on the future research Activity 5: Presentation of Stories of Prominent Neuroscientists Flow chart for preparing this assignment Groups of 7 students meet, discuss and select a topic on stories of Prominent Neuroscientists (Keep meeting records). Every member has to find the appropriate materials according to the instructions provided by the instructor. Discuss the collected materials and give each member a specific assignment Organize the materials, prepare the Power Point presentation and rehearse the presentation several times Oral presentation and final paper report including meeting records Example 1 Example 2 神經科學家---阿爾維德.卡爾森 ( ARVID CARLSSON) 組員:黃耕、蔡俐慧、李伊婷、 趙于葳、謝幸誼、黃曼芬、高敏靜 IV. Students’ responses to experiments IV. Students’ responses to presenting stories of prominent neuroscientists IV. Students’ responses Students design neuroscience experiments for their competition of experimental design Exp 1: Will different visual stimuli affect the EEG? Exp 2: Will mice learn to exit the maze? Exp 3: Will mice learn to avoid electric mosquito rack? V. A few extras for creative teaching V. A few extras for creative teaching 1. Turn the ordinary into the extraordinary Example 1: Point (Erection) and Shoot (Ejaculation) Parasympathetic and Sympathetic The sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions Parasympathetic division Sympathetic division Action on target organs: Location of preganglionic neurons: brainstem and sacral segments of spinal cord Action on target organs: Dilates pupil of eye Constricts pupil of eye Inhibits salivary gland secretion Stimulates salivary gland secretion Location of preganglionic neurons: thoracic and lumbar segments of spinal cord Have antagonistic effects on target organs Neurotransmitter released by preganglionic neurons: acetylcholine Constricts bronchi in lungs Sympathetic ganglia Cervical Accelerates heart Slows heart Location of postganglionic neurons: in ganglia close to or within target organs Stimulates activity of stomach and intestines Stimulates gallbladder Thoracic Inhibits activity of pancreas Stimulates glucose release from liver; inhibits gallbladder Promotes emptying of bladder Figure 48.22 Location of postganglionic neurons: some in ganglia close to target organs; others in a chain of ganglia near spinal cord Lumbar Stimulates adrenal medulla Promotes erection of genitalia Neurotransmitter released by preganglionic neurons: acetylcholine Inhibits activity of stomach and intestines Stimulates activity of pancreas Neurotransmitter released by postganglionic neurons: acetylcholine Relaxes bronchi in lungs Inhibits emptying of bladder Synapse Sacral Promotes ejaculation and vaginal contractions Neurotransmitter released by postganglionic neurons: norepinephrine 1. Turn the ordinary into the extraordinary Example 2 Anion (-) Cation (+) Example 3 oligodendrocytes Schwann cells (PNS) (CNS) 2. Let students experience that knowledge is power 3. IRS system is good, but personal interaction with students is much better. 4. Make learning a lot of fun and interesting Nervous system Vivid example Reproduction Male copulatory behavior Female copulatory behavior Teaching can be fun, interesting, and innovative Suggestions 1. Set up a wireless microphone in the classroom 2. Outstanding Teachers Hall of Fame Thank you very much for your attention!