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DICTATORS THREATEN
WORLD PEACE
CH 16
Origins of World War II


The U.S. returned to isolationism. WW I and the Great
Depression had profound effects on Europe.
U.S. policies pre-WW II:
 Isolationism
 Washington
Naval Conference 1921- leading powers agreed
to limit the size of their navies
 Promoted the Kellog-Briand Peace Pact- 62 nations renounced
the use of war
 “Good Neighbor Policy”- U.S. agreed not to interfere in
internal affairs of Latin American nations
Rise of the Dictators
Italy – Benito Mussolini

After World War I, Italy was facing high
unemployment and inflation (The Great Depression).
Benito Mussolini formed the Fascist party which took
over Italy in 1922. Mussolini limited the rights of
the Italian people and began building up a large
military, which he used to take over Ethiopia in
1935.
fascism

a political philosophy that
advocates a strong,
centralized, nationalistic
government headed by a
powerful dictator
Dictator

A ruler with total power
over a country, usually
obtained by force
Soviet Union (USSR) – Joseph Stalin

Joseph Stalin became the totalitarian dictator of the
communist Soviet Union in 1924 (Russian Revolution
of 1917). Stalin abolished all private farms and
placed all economic activity under government
management. By the end of the 1930s, Stalin and
the Soviet government had taken almost all rights
away from their people.
totalitarian

a political system in which
the government exercises
complete control over its
citizens’ lives
communism

A political and economic
system based on oneparty leadership and
government ownership of
property and industry
Spain – Francisco Franco

In 1936, Spanish General Francisco Franco rebelled
against the Spanish government and started a civil
war in Spain. By 1939, Franco had won the war.
Franco became the dictator in charge of Spain and
created a fascist, totalitarian government.
Germany – Adolf Hitler

Germany’s economy had never been able to recover from
WWI (Great Depression)and the German people were
angry about the punishments that the Treaty of Versailles
included. This caused them to elect Nazi leader Adolf
Hitler as Chancellor of Germany in 1933. Once in power,
Hitler declared himself dictator and reorganized the
government and started re-building Germany’s military.
Nazism

the political philosophy –
based on extreme
nationalism, racism, and
militaristic expansionism –
that Adolf Hitler put into
practice in Germany from
1933 to 1945
nationalism

extreme pride in your
country
Militarists:
Hideki Tojo- Japan

In Japan, there was no one dictator who took over,
but instead, a group of militarists took over the
government and began taking aggressive actions
against other countries. Led by Hideki Tojo, the
Japanese army invaded the Chinese province of
Manchuria in 1931.
militarism

the policy of building up
armed forces in aggressive
preparedness for war and
their use as a tool of
diplomacy