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GERMANY 1933-39
CHILD
HITLER 1923
HITLER 1919
WWI HITLER
EVA AND BLONDIE
RALLY 1933
HOW DID HITLER COME TO POWER?
•
During the depression
the popularity of the
Nazis grew. (HITLER
LEARNED AFTER 1923
THAT HE HAD TO GAIN
POWER POLITICALLY
• In 1932 he ran for
president and lost (to
Hindenburg)
• 1933 the communists
and Nazis were the two
largest parties
• Von Papen and
Hindenburg appointed
Hitler Chancellor to
restore order…..
FUHRER
HINDENBURG
VON PAPEN
HITLER’S GOALS
• Create a dictatorship – take away personal
freedoms
• Racial Purity – Germans were the superior
race, Jews, Africans, Slavs, Gypsies,
homosexuals, and the disabled were the enemy.
• Dismantle the Treaty of Versailles
• Destroy communism
• Reunite all German speaking peoples
(Austria, Czechoslovakia- Sudetenland, Poland)
• Lebensraum – “living space to the east”
• Aryan supremacy
KEY NAZI LEADERS 1933-45
GOEBBELS
EVA BRAUN
GOERING
EVA & GOLDIE
HIMMLER
ROMMEL
HEYDRICH
EICHMAN
HITLER’S TOTALITARIAN STATE
• BURNING OF THE REICHSTAG 1933 – the
Nazis blamed this on a Communist insurrection
• ENABLING ACTS – This law gave Hitler
“Marshall law” in Germany
• - opposition was banned
• Black shirts – SA – Gestapo and SS
• - secret police state was increased (Gestapo,
SS)
• - book burnings
• - Hitler Youth and the Young Maidens
• Concentration camps were opened (for political
prisoners)
Reichstag burning
Hitler Youth
Public burning
books
The SS
Gestapo banner
Gestapo
“NIGHT OF LONG KNIVES 1934”
• June 30, 1934 – the SS
murdered Rohm (leader of the
SA) and 130 others
• Himmler and Heydrich
convinced Hitler Rohm was out
to replace him.
• Included Strasser (head of the
Nazi Socialists)
• Von Schleicher – opponent of
Hitler
• Gave Hitler the support of the
army, and instilled fear.
• 1934 – Hindenburg died and
Hitler took the position of
President and Chancellor
(became the Fuhrer)
VON ROHM
Third Reich
• 1. Discus the New Order
2. Lebensraum
Racial Purity
3. With a partner:
Define Anti-Semitism
• 4. Nuremburg Decree or Laws 1935
Nuremburg Rally
Jewish Bureau
Final Solution
• In 1942 at Wannsee, key Nazis discussed
and used the term “Final Solution”
• The removal of Jews from Europe was
discussed (Madagascar)
• It was decided to liquidate the Ghettos and
to send Jews from across Europe to the
death camps (Auschwitz)
FINAL SOLUTION
Wannsee Conference
• held January 20, 1942 at Wannsee.
• Was headed by Heydrich
• The Final Solution for Jews and the
Jewish question had changed before this
meeting.
• At this meeting it was made clear that the
term Final Solution meant the murder of all
Jews in Europe.
Einsatzgruppen
Death Camps
Kristallnacht (Crystal Night)
SPANISH CIVIL WAR
• 6.
• General Franco? was
the leader of the
Nationalist Sect
• Who supported or did not
support in the war?
• Germany, Italy, USSR,
Britain, France
Austria 1934
• 1934 – DOLLFUSS
MURDER
• Germany was forbidden
to take Austria
• 7. Aunschlus
• The leader of Austria was
murdered by Austrian
Nazis
• Hitler mobilized his troops
• Mussolini threatened
Hitler and he backed
down
• Dollfuss was replaced by
Schuschnigg.
Chancellor Dollfuss of Austria 1934
Annexation of Austria 1938
• Schuschnigg was
pressured by Hitler to stop
pressuring Austrian Nazis
• Seyss Inquart (Austrian
Nazi) was to be made
Minister of the Interior
(police)
• Schuschnigg offered to
have a plebiscite
• Hitler blocked it &
threatened to invade
• Schuschnigg resigned
• Replaced by Seyss Inquart
• March 12, German troops
were invited to enter
Austria to restore “order”
Schuschigg
Seyss Inquart
8. Czechoslovakia
Munich Agreement
Hitler and Benes
• Sudetenland had 3.5 million
ethnic Germans
• Britain and France pressured
Benes to give up the
Sudetenland as they didn’t
want a war over
Czechoslovakia
• Many of the Sudeten
Germans wanted to join
Germany
• Chamberlain negotiated for
the British and Daladier for
the French
• Hitler and Chamberlain met at
the Berchtesgaden
• He agreed to let Hitler have the
Sudetenland
• Hitler then broke the deal 5
days later and announced he
would occupy the Sudetenland
• This would cause a war with
Czechoslovakia
• Mussolini then suggested a four
country meeting at Munich
Munich Conference / Pact
• Mussolini, Daladier, Hitler
and Chamberlain met
• Hitler agreed to postpone
until October 10
• They pressured Benes to
agree.
• Benes resigned
“I believe it is Peace in our time!”
“I have no more territorial demands!”
The piece
of paper
By March 15,1939 Hitler had all of Czechoslovakia
Define APPEASEMENT
• REASONS FOR APPEASEMENT:
• Britain believed Germany was merely correcting the
Treaty of Versailles
• WW 1 was too brutal (repeat not wanted)
• Was a strong Germany economically good?
• Hitler was anti communist
• None of the items on Hitler’s “Hit List” were important to
Britain
• They were fooled by Hitler’s deceit.
• 9) German Soviet Non Aggression Pact
• Stalin approached Britain and France with
a deal and they turned him down.
• August 23, 1939 Germany and the USSR
signed their pact.
• Agreed not the attack each other
• Agreed to carve up Poland