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GERMANY 1933-39 CHILD HITLER 1923 HITLER 1919 WWI HITLER EVA AND BLONDIE RALLY 1933 HOW DID HITLER COME TO POWER? • During the depression the popularity of the Nazis grew. (HITLER LEARNED AFTER 1923 THAT HE HAD TO GAIN POWER POLITICALLY • In 1932 he ran for president and lost (to Hindenburg) • 1933 the communists and Nazis were the two largest parties • Von Papen and Hindenburg appointed Hitler Chancellor to restore order….. FUHRER HINDENBURG VON PAPEN HITLER’S GOALS • Create a dictatorship – take away personal freedoms • Racial Purity – Germans were the superior race, Jews, Africans, Slavs, Gypsies, homosexuals, and the disabled were the enemy. • Dismantle the Treaty of Versailles • Destroy communism • Reunite all German speaking peoples (Austria, Czechoslovakia- Sudetenland, Poland) • Lebensraum – “living space to the east” • Aryan supremacy KEY NAZI LEADERS 1933-45 GOEBBELS EVA BRAUN GOERING EVA & GOLDIE HIMMLER ROMMEL HEYDRICH EICHMAN HITLER’S TOTALITARIAN STATE • BURNING OF THE REICHSTAG 1933 – the Nazis blamed this on a Communist insurrection • ENABLING ACTS – This law gave Hitler “Marshall law” in Germany • - opposition was banned • Black shirts – SA – Gestapo and SS • - secret police state was increased (Gestapo, SS) • - book burnings • - Hitler Youth and the Young Maidens • Concentration camps were opened (for political prisoners) Reichstag burning Hitler Youth Public burning books The SS Gestapo banner Gestapo “NIGHT OF LONG KNIVES 1934” • June 30, 1934 – the SS murdered Rohm (leader of the SA) and 130 others • Himmler and Heydrich convinced Hitler Rohm was out to replace him. • Included Strasser (head of the Nazi Socialists) • Von Schleicher – opponent of Hitler • Gave Hitler the support of the army, and instilled fear. • 1934 – Hindenburg died and Hitler took the position of President and Chancellor (became the Fuhrer) VON ROHM Third Reich • 1. Discus the New Order 2. Lebensraum Racial Purity 3. With a partner: Define Anti-Semitism • 4. Nuremburg Decree or Laws 1935 Nuremburg Rally Jewish Bureau Final Solution • In 1942 at Wannsee, key Nazis discussed and used the term “Final Solution” • The removal of Jews from Europe was discussed (Madagascar) • It was decided to liquidate the Ghettos and to send Jews from across Europe to the death camps (Auschwitz) FINAL SOLUTION Wannsee Conference • held January 20, 1942 at Wannsee. • Was headed by Heydrich • The Final Solution for Jews and the Jewish question had changed before this meeting. • At this meeting it was made clear that the term Final Solution meant the murder of all Jews in Europe. Einsatzgruppen Death Camps Kristallnacht (Crystal Night) SPANISH CIVIL WAR • 6. • General Franco? was the leader of the Nationalist Sect • Who supported or did not support in the war? • Germany, Italy, USSR, Britain, France Austria 1934 • 1934 – DOLLFUSS MURDER • Germany was forbidden to take Austria • 7. Aunschlus • The leader of Austria was murdered by Austrian Nazis • Hitler mobilized his troops • Mussolini threatened Hitler and he backed down • Dollfuss was replaced by Schuschnigg. Chancellor Dollfuss of Austria 1934 Annexation of Austria 1938 • Schuschnigg was pressured by Hitler to stop pressuring Austrian Nazis • Seyss Inquart (Austrian Nazi) was to be made Minister of the Interior (police) • Schuschnigg offered to have a plebiscite • Hitler blocked it & threatened to invade • Schuschnigg resigned • Replaced by Seyss Inquart • March 12, German troops were invited to enter Austria to restore “order” Schuschigg Seyss Inquart 8. Czechoslovakia Munich Agreement Hitler and Benes • Sudetenland had 3.5 million ethnic Germans • Britain and France pressured Benes to give up the Sudetenland as they didn’t want a war over Czechoslovakia • Many of the Sudeten Germans wanted to join Germany • Chamberlain negotiated for the British and Daladier for the French • Hitler and Chamberlain met at the Berchtesgaden • He agreed to let Hitler have the Sudetenland • Hitler then broke the deal 5 days later and announced he would occupy the Sudetenland • This would cause a war with Czechoslovakia • Mussolini then suggested a four country meeting at Munich Munich Conference / Pact • Mussolini, Daladier, Hitler and Chamberlain met • Hitler agreed to postpone until October 10 • They pressured Benes to agree. • Benes resigned “I believe it is Peace in our time!” “I have no more territorial demands!” The piece of paper By March 15,1939 Hitler had all of Czechoslovakia Define APPEASEMENT • REASONS FOR APPEASEMENT: • Britain believed Germany was merely correcting the Treaty of Versailles • WW 1 was too brutal (repeat not wanted) • Was a strong Germany economically good? • Hitler was anti communist • None of the items on Hitler’s “Hit List” were important to Britain • They were fooled by Hitler’s deceit. • 9) German Soviet Non Aggression Pact • Stalin approached Britain and France with a deal and they turned him down. • August 23, 1939 Germany and the USSR signed their pact. • Agreed not the attack each other • Agreed to carve up Poland