Download 003riseofhitler_ppt

How did Hitler turn the
Chancellorship into a
dictatorship by 1934?
HITLER
BECAME
CHANCELLOR
OATH OF
LOYALTY
TO
HITLER
THE
REICHSTAG
FIRE
THE
ENABLING
ACT
DEATH OF
PRESIDENT
HINDENBURG
THE NIGHT
OF THE
LONG
KNIVES
The depression
after the Wall
Street Crash made
many more people
vote for the
Nazis. In 1933
Von Papen
convinced
Hindenburg that
Hitler should
become Chancellor.
January 1933
February 1933
 The Reichstag building burnt down.
 A communist was found inside the
building. He admitted responsibility.
February 1933
 Chancellor Hitler was able to
convince people that the Communists
were trying to take power by
terrorism.
 He was able to have the
Communists banned from the
Reichstag.
With the Communists
banned from the Reichstag
Hitler was able to pass:
March 1933
HITLER CAN
RULE ALONE
FOR FOUR
YEARS. THERE
IS NO NEED TO
CONSULT THE
REICHSTAG.
THE ENABLING ACT GAVE HITLER
THE POWER TO MAKE HIS OWN
LAWS. SO, HE BANNED ALL OTHER
POLITICAL PARTIES!
SPD- Social Democrats
KPD- Communists
DDP- German Democratic
Zentrum- German Centre Party (Catholic)
June 1934
Now I have got rid of opposition
political groups, I can now deal
with opposition in my party.
Ernst Rohm (an old friend), head
of the S.A. is very unpopular
with the German army leaders.
They have the power to
overthrow me.I’ve been worried
about Rohm for a while, so this
is a good excuse.
The Night of the Long Knives
 Hitler had to get rid of Rohm. He was too
much of a threat.
 On the night of 30th June 1934 Hitler’s S.S.
killed over 1000 SA members including
Rohm.
 The army were pleased.
 Hitler had gained the support of the
army.
A final note
August 1934
PRESIDENT HINDENBURG’S
DEATH GAVE HITLER THE
OPPORTUNITY TO COMBINE
THE ROLE OF CHANCELLOR
AND PRESIDENT. HE CALLED
HIMSELF ‘DER FUHRER’.
Every soldier swore a personal
oath of loyalty to ADOLF
HITLER.
HITLER
BECAME
CHANCELLOR
OATH OF
LOYALTY
TO
HITLER
THE
REICHSTAG
FIRE
THE
ENABLING
ACT
DEATH OF
PRESIDENT
HINDENBURG
THE NIGHT
OF THE
LONG
KNIVES
Background (do not write down)
 Germany’s Economic Problems
 The Treaty of Versailles ended World War I. The punishing
terms of the treaty were designed to ensure that Germany
could not impose a threat to other countries for decades.
 After the war, every country in Europe was in terrible shape,
economically, socially, and politically. With the added
burden of the Treaty of Versailles, Germany was in ruins. It
was exhausted by the effort of fighting the war and now it
also had a huge debt to its enemies.
 Germany was given a new constitution in 1919. It was
known as the Weimar constitution. Everyone hoped that it
would create a stable and democratic country but it did not.
There were 12 major political parties elected to German
Parliament which made it difficult for all of the political
groups to agree on a plan to rebuild Germany’s economy.
 A series of weak government followed. They tried to pay the

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
reparations that the Treaty of Versailles had imposed. When
they did not have enough money to make the payments they
did two things that made life very difficult in Germany.
They borrowed money, mainly from the United States, with a
promise to pay back the loans in the future.
They printed more German marks and used them to buy U.S.
dollars to pay off the loans and the reparations.
As more marks went into circulation, each one became worth
less. Business demanded more marks for their products.
Workers demanded more marks for their labour. Prices rose,
slowly at first, then at an alarming rate.
As the value of the mark went down, Germans could no longer
afford to buy imported goods. Many companies went bankrupt
and laid off all of their workers. The situation became so bad
that people needed shopping bags full of marks to buy basic
groceries. Prices’ rising out of control like this is called
hyperinflation.
Although a new version of the mark was introduced in 1924,
and prices stabilized, the damage had been done. People had
no confidence in German money or the German economy.
Unemployment rose to very high levels.
The Rise of the Nazi Party
 The Rise of the Nazi Party

In this atmosphere, extreme parties began to gain popularity.
They seemed to be the only ones offering a clear message and strong
leadership. The Communists wanted to make Germany more like
Russia. The fascists, or Nazis, on the other hand, supported
dictatorship and an economy that was controlled by large corporations.
They were also racists, and admired certain so-called “pure” races.
Their leader was Adolf Hitler.


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Hitler exploited people’s bitterness over unemployment, poverty, and
the Treaty of Versailles. He told the German people he had a plan to
make Germany a great nation again. His plan included the following
terms:
He would stop paying reparations to other nations.
He would invest in Germany’s industries to create growth.
He would build up Germany’s military forces.
He would end unemployment.
 It was a powerful message. Just before the election of 1933, the
German Parliament Buildings burned down. Many historians believe
that the Nazis themselves set the fire, but Hitler blamed the
Communists – a tactic designed to scare people into voting for the
Nazis.
 Hitler also enlisted his supporters in the Storm Troopers to threaten
voters with violence if they did not openly support the Nazi Party. Not
surprisingly, the Nazis won the most seats in the German Parliament,
and Adolf Hitler became Chancellor.
 Once in office, Hitler asked Parliament for special powers to deal with
“the enemies of Germany” who he claimed were trying to destroy
government. He pointed to the burning of the Parliament Buildings to
prove that the threat was real.
 As soon as Parliament had granted him these powers, he abolished the
Parliament. Hitler would now rule as a dictator. He called himself “the
Fuhrer” or leader and his word was the law. Anyone who opposed
Hitler was imprisoned, tortured, or murdered.
Hitler’s Economic and Social Policies
1933 to 1938
 At first, Hitler focused on building up Germany’s economy and
reducing unemployment. Like other Western nations, Germany began a
huge program of public works – projects paid for by the government
such as road building and the installation of water and sewer pipes.
Hitler also authorized the production of an affordable Volkswagen or
“people’s car” for ordinary working families.
 Hitler created hundreds of thousands more jobs when he began to build
up the military. The buildup was above the levels of the Treaty of
Versailles but Hitler claimed that Germany had to protect itself against
Communists and especially the Soviet Union if it should attack.
 At the same time, Hitler began to reduce people’s civil liberties. (Civil
liberties are the rights of people to do, say, and act as they please in
society as long as they are not hurting anyone or breaking any laws.)
Trade unions were banned, newspapers had to support Nazi policies,
and the teachers were expected to tell their classes about how
wonderful Hitler was. Books that did not conform to Nazi views were
burned in huge bonfires.
Ok time to write some more stuff
down….
Weimar Republic
 The Weimar Republic is the nickname
given to the German state from 1919 to
1933.
 It was dubbed the "Weimar Republic" by
historians in honour of the city of
Weimar, where a national assembly
convened to write and adopt a new
constitution (which became effective on
August 11, 1919) for the German Reich,
following the nation's defeat in World
War I.
Economic Depression in Weimar
Germany during the 1920’s
 The Big 3 who created the Treaty of
Versailles asked for £6.6 million in
reparations from Germany. (don’t write)
 Germany was unable to pay this amount of
money because of the cost of WWI. To
make up for their lack of money they had to
print off more paper money than the gold
their country had. (don’t write)
 This caused hyperinflation which made their
money worthless and sent Germany into a
depression during the 1920’s. Many German’s
starved to death and were miserable.
 Germans were looking for two things:
1.) A strong leader to lead them through these
tough times.
2.) Revenge on the countries who made their
lives
so miserable.
Hyperinflation
(Copy me )
 In economics, hyperinflation is inflation that is "out of
control," a condition in which prices increase rapidly as a
currency loses its value.
(Don’t copy )
 The main cause of hyperinflation is a massive and rapid
increase in the amount of money, which is not supported
by growth in the output of goods and services.
(Copy Me )
 To make a long story short, its when you print more
paper money than you have gold or goods to back it up.
Thus the paper money is worthless!
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AnpTW
KKWQ1o
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QtG7Wa
188dg power of the will Hitler