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World War II
Italy
• March 23, 1919
Benito Mussolini
formed the basis for
the Fascist Party
• Oct. 28, 1922 March
on Rome; Mussolini
took power in Italy
Soviet Union (USSR)
• 1922 Soviet Union
formed under V.I. Lenin
• 1924 Lenin died; Trotsky
and Stalin vie for power
• 1928 Stalin began forced
industrialization (Five
Year Plan)
• 1929 Stalin became
dictator
• 1932-1933 Famine
created in the Ukraine
and other Soviet satellites
Germany 1919-1923
• Weimar Republic
• Social and political
unrest
• Military occupation of
western regions of
Germany
• Economic hardships
• Freikorps
Adolf Hitler
• Born near Linz, Austria
on April 20,1889
• Early life
• Enlisted in the German
army in 1914, and served
throughout WW I.
Decorated with the Iron
Cross.
• Remained in the army
after the war.
• Sent to spy on small
German Worker’s Party
(DAP)
Hitler
• 1920 Changed name of
the party to the National
Socialist German
Worker’s Party (NSDAP)
• Nov. 8-9, 1923 Beer Hall
Putsch
• Hitler spent 5 months in
prison for his role in the
putsch.
• Mein Kampf
Nazi Rise to Power 1925-1933
• 1925 Restructuring of the
NSDAP
• SA
• Legal election.
• 1929 Great Depression
• By 1930 Nazis were the
second largest party in
Germany
• Jan. 30, 1933 Hitler
became chancellor
Nazis in Power 1933-1934
• Feb. 27, 1933
Reichstag fire
• March 23, 1933
Enabling Act
• SS Heinrich Himmler
• June 30, 1934 Night
of the Long Knives
• Aug. 2, 1934
Hindenburg died;
Hitler in sole power.
Road to war 1935-1939
• 1935 Versailles Treaty
renounced; Germany
began rearmament
• March 13, 1936
Rhineland reoccupied
• Spanish Civil War 19361939
• March 1938 Austria
annexed
• Sept. 28, 1938
Sudetenland
• March 1939
Czechoslovakia annexed
War
• Aug. 23, 1939 NaziSoviet Pact
• Sept.1, 1939 Poland
invaded
• Sept. 3 Britain and
France declared war
• Sept. 17 Soviets invaded
eastern Poland
• Sept. 27 Poland
surrendered
Poland 1939
Western Front 1939-May 1940
• Sept. 1939- April 1940
Phony War
• April 1940 Wehrmacht
invaded Denmark and
Norway
• May 1940 Belgium and
the Netherlands invaded
• May 10 France invaded
through the Ardennes
Forest
• May 26 OPN DYNAMO
• June 22 France
surrendered
Battle of Britain
• Began July 10, 1940 after Churchill
declined to negotiate peace
• First battle fought entirely in the air
• Luftwaffe 2800 planes Royal Air Force 700
• Radar and command and control stations
• Sept. 7 Beginning of the Blitz.
• Oct. Luftwaffe switched to night bombing.
Balkans 1940-1941
• Oct. 28, 1940 Italy
invaded Greece
• April 1940 British
troops arrive in
Greece
• April 1941 Yugoslavia
and Greece overrun
by Wehrmacht
• May 20-June 1 Battle
of Crete
OPERATION BARBAROSSA
JUNE 22, 1941
• 116 divisions (14 motorized), 19 panzer
divisions, 9 support divisions
• Set for April, but postponed until June due
to Greek and Yugoslav operations
• June 22 Invasion
• 2000 Soviet planes destroyed in 1 week
• Siege of Leningrad Sept. 1941-Jan. 1944
Russia Oct.- Dec. 1941
• Georgy Zhukov
appointed head of the
Red Army
• Oct. 19 Moscow
declared under siege
• Russian winter
• Dec. 5 Russian
counteroffensive
• Germans driven 40
miles from Moscow
Russia 1941
Japan 1937-1941
• July 28, 1937 Japan
invaded China
• US declared an
embargo on
Japanese war
material
• Sept. 27, 1940 Japan
joins the Axis powers
• Yamato and Musashi
Pearl Harbor Dec. 7, 1941
• Pearl Harbor attacked by aircraft from 4 carriers
• Arizona, Oklahoma, West Virginia, California
sunk
• 18 damaged ships total, 188 aircraft, 3581 US
service personnel and civilians killed
• Japanese losses totaled 50 men and 30 aircraft
• US declared war on Dec. 8; Dec. 11 Germany
and Italy declared war on US
Pearl Harbor
US and Japanese Naval Power
Pacific War 1942
• The Philippeans fell to the Japanese on
May 6,1942
• Bataan Death March
• April 18 Doolittle Raid
• May 2-7 Battle of the Coral Sea
• June 4-6 Battle of Midway
• Aug. 7- Feb. 7, 1943 Battle of Guadalcanal
1942 Pacific
Pacific Losses 1942
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Battle of the Coral Sea May 7-8
US: 1carrier, 66 aircraft, 543 men killed
Japan: 1 carrier, 77 aircraft, 1074 men killed
Battle of Midway June 4-7
US: 1 carrier, 147 aircraft, 307 men
Japan: 4 carriers, 1 cruiser, 272 aircraft, 3500 men
Gaudalcanal August 7-February 9, 1943
US: 1600 killed, 4200 wounded
Japan: 23,000 killed, 1000 prisoners
Battle for Africa 1924-1943
• Afrika Korps under
Erwin Rommel
• Aug. 13 Bernard
Montgomery
• Oct. 23- Nov. 5, 1942
• Nov. 8, 1942 OPN
TORCH
• May 7, 1943
Germans defeated in
Africa
Russia 1942-1943
• Spring 1942 German
Sixth Army began a drive
to Stalingrad
• Aug. 19 First attacks on
Stalingrad
• Fierce house to house
fighting
• Nov. 19 Russian
counteroffensive
encircles German Sixth
Army
• Hitler orders Sixth Army
to hold its ground
• Dec. 23 relief attempt
ends in failure
• Feb. 3, 1943 Von Paulus
surrendered
• Germans resurgent
• July 5-23, 1943 Battle of
Kursk
Russian Front 1942-1943
Eastern Front Losses
Sept-July 1943
• Battle of Stalingrad Sept.-Jan. 1943
• Germans 207,000 killed or wounded, 93,000
taken prisoner
• Soviets 480,000 killed and missing
• Battle of Kursk July 5-13, 1943
• Germans 50,000 killed 323 tanks destroyed
• Soviets 177,880 killed 1614 tanks destroyed
Italy 1943-1944
• July 9- Aug. 7, 1943 OPN HUSKY
• Sept. 3, 1943 Italy surrendered
• Winter 1943- May 11, 1944 Battles for
Monte Cassino
• Jan. 22, 1944 Anzio
• June 4, 1944 Rome captured
Air Warfare 1943-1945 Europe
Tanks of World War II
1944 Western Front
Battle for France 1944
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June 6 D-Day
July 3 OPN Cobra
July 20 Bomb Plot
Aug. 19-25 Battle for
Paris
• Sept. 17-25 OPN
MARKET-GARDEN
• Dec. 16-Jan. 25, 1945
Battle of the Bulge
1944
1944 Pacific
• June 15 Saipan
• June 19-20 Battle of
the Philippean Sea
“Great Marianas
Turkey Shoot”
• July-Sept. Guam and
Peleliu fell to US
• Oct. 23-26 Battle of
Leyte Gulf
1945 Europe
• Jan-April Russians push into
eastern Europe
• Feb. 4-11 Yalta Conference
• March-April US and British
forces cross the Rhine into
Germany
• April 22 Russians reach Berlin
• April 25 US and Russian
troops meet at Torgau
• April 30 Hitler committed
suicide
• May 2 Berlin surrendered as
did Germans in Italy
• May 7-8 VE Day
1945 Europe
Europe 1944-1945
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Battle for France June 6-August 25
Allied: 43,000 killed, 172,000 wounded
Germans: 509,000 killed, wounded and captured
OPN Bagration June 22-August 29,1944
Germans: 350,000 killed wounded and captured
Soviets: 178,000 killed, 587,000 wounded
Battle of the Bulge Dec. 16-Jan. 16, 1945
US: 81,000 killed wounded or captured
Germans 100,000 killed wounded or captured
Battle of Berlin April16-May 2, 1945
Germans: 500,000 killed wounded or captured
Soviets: 81,000 killed, 272,000 wounded
1945 Pacific
• Jan. 9 US troops land
in the Philippeans
• Feb. 19-Mar. 26
Battle of Iwo Jima
• April 1-June 23 Battle
of Okinawa
• Aug. 6 Hiroshima
• Aug. 9 Nagasaki
• Sept. 2 VJ Day
1945 Pacific
Pacific 1945
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Iwo Jima Feb. 19-March 26
US: 6,821 killed 19,217 wounded
Japan: 20,867 killed, 1,083 captured
Okinawa April 1-June 30
US: 12,000 killed, 36,000 wounded
Japan 107,539 killed, 23,764 sealed in
caves or buried, 10,755 captured
Nazi War Crimes
The Holocaust
• 1935 Nuremburg Laws
• Nov. 9, 1938 Kristallnacht
• 1940-1945 Ghettos and mass deportations to
eastern Europe
• 1941-1943 Einsatzgruppen
• Jan 20, 1942 Wannsee Conference
• 1942-1945 Concentration Camps
• Auschwitz, Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka, Dachau,
Bergen-Belsen
• Nov. 14, 1945-Oct. 1, 1946 Nuremburg Trials
Nazi Atrocities
Holocaust
Aftermath of World War II
• Allies
• 14,000,000 military
deaths
• 36,000,000 civilian
deaths
• 6,000,000 Jews
murdered by Nazis
• Axis
• 8,000,000 military
deaths
• 4,000,000 civilian
deaths
• 72,000,000 total
deaths for all of World
War II