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Transcript
World War II Mobilizing for Defense • Wartime Production – Rationing • Full Employment – Women in Factories, War Industries • Women in War WACS, WAVES, SPARS War & Segregation • Blacks in the War – Dorie Miller, Charles Drew – 1949 - Racial Equality in Military • Blacks at Home – Urbanization, migration north • Japanese Internment Camps – Korematsu v. United States (1944) The War in Full Effect • Goal #1: Defeat Germans in Europe • Pacific: “Active Defense” • Battle in the Atlantic (1942 - 1943) – Sonar – Radar North Africa • “Desert Fox” – Erwin Rommel • El Alamein – July 1942 – 1st battle of El Alamein – November 1942 – Operation Torch – May 1943 – Tunisia Falls to Allies, Axis evacuates from N. Africa Eastern Europe • June 1941 – Operation Barbarossa • Battle for Stalingrad (1942-1943) – Germans v. Soviets – German Siege - September 1942 – Germans Evacuate - February 1943 The Pacific • Battle of Midway (June ’42) – First major Japanese naval defeat • Battle for Guadalcanal – August ’42 – February ‘43 – Hand to hand combat – Japanese advances in Pacific stopped The End of The Beginning • Meeting at Casablanca b/w FDR & Churchill – January 1943 • Victory in Stalingrad Feb. ‘43 • Victory in N. Africa May ‘43 • Tide of the War Turning The Battle in Italy • • • • July ‘43 – Allies Land on Sicily August ‘43 – Mussolini overthrown September ‘43 – Italian Surrender Winter ’43/’44 – German “rescue” of Mussolini • June 4, 1944 – Allies capture Rome • April ’45 – Mussolini executed, hung in Milan Air Raids in Europe • Royal Air Force – Saturation Bombing • US Air Force – Pinpoint Attacks – “Flying Fortresses” D-Day • June 6, 1944 –Invasion of Normandy (p. 693) –Operation Overlord Allies Press Onward • Operation Market Garden • December 1944 - Battle of the Bulge • Russians Pushing from the East Conference at Yalta • February 1945 • FDR, Churchill, Stalin • Postwar Agreements – Stalin’s promises Franklin Roosevelt • 1944 Election – FDR Defeats Wilkie (Again) • April 12, 1945 – FDR Dies • Harry S. Truman takes office V-E Day • April ’45 - Russians meet Americans at Elbe • April ’45 – Hitler Commits Suicide • Victory in Europe Day –May 8, 1945 “The Victory is but half won. The West is free but the East is still in bondage.” War in the Pacific • Return to the Philippines – Battle of Leyte Gulf (October 1944) – March 1945 – Japanese Surrender in Philippines • Battle of Iwo Jima • Battle of Okinawa The Atomic Bomb • Splitting the Atom • Immigrants of Axis Countries – Enrico Fermi – Albert Einstein • Manhattan Project – Oak Ridge, TN Dropping the Bomb • Hiroshima – 8/6/45 – Enola Gay – 75,000 casualties that day alone • Nagasaki – 8/9/45 • Japanese Surrender – 8/14/45 – verbal surrender – 9/2/45 – official surrender