Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Korean War [1950
Transcript
The Cold War: A Conflict of Ideology 1945-1991 Yalta-Meeting of the “Big Three” • February 1945 – Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin – How will we rebuild Europe? – Create United Nations – “Free and Unfettered elections in eastern Europe” – Joint occupation of Germany • Next meeting will be in the defeated Germany • Roosevelt diesTruman takes over • Churchill loses election in July of 1945. Atlee Takes over Potsdam Conference-June 1945 – Stalin dominates the conference – Stalin did not allow elections in Poland and eastern Europe – Truman angry, but can’t do anything with the Soviet army camped out all over eastern Europe – All agree that Japan must surrender “unconditionally” – Truman wants to defeat Japan without Soviet help (Truman “forgets” to inform Stalin about the atomic bomb program) End of WWII brings tension between allies • What does Truman want? – Encourage democracy and capitalism • U.S. Economy booming due to massive exports • Raw materials from Europe • Open markets to sell to! – Rebuilt Germany that is productive and not bitter about the war • What does Stalin want? – Encourage communism • USSR Economy struggling due to massive destruction of the war • Use materials from Germany to rebuild Soviet Union • Soviet army takes everything that could be of use, from toilets to hinges – Create satellite nations in Eastern Europe to “protect” the U.S.S.R. from the west. – Keep Germany weak…they attacked Russia twice in 30 years US & the Western Democracies GOAL “Containment” of Communism & the eventual collapse of the Communist world. Soviet & Eastern Bloc Nations [“Iron Curtain”] GOAL spread worldwide Communism METHODOLOGIES: 1. Espionage [KGB vs. CIA] 2. Arms Race [nuclear escalation] 3. Ideological Competition for the minds and hearts of Third World peoples [Communist govt. & command economy vs. democratic govt. & capitalist economy] “proxy wars” 4. Bi-Polarization of Europe [NATO vs. Warsaw Pact] The Bipolarization of Europe The Division of Berlin British, French and American Zones of Germany unite Soviet union closes off allied access to west-Berlin Berlin airlift…fly planes full of food and supplies to the city NATO forms in the west • First time that the U.S. enters into a peacetime alliance Warsaw Pact forms in east • Soviet Union tells its puppet governments in the eastern bloc that they are united against the common enemy of communism Basically they just do what the Soviets tell them too National Defense Budget [1940-1964] Civil War in China Chiang Kai-Shek •Nationalists led by Chiang Kai-Shek Given millions of dollars of aid by U.S. •Communists led by Mao Zedong Secretly given weapons by U.S.S.R •Communists defeat the Nationalists. •Chinese Nationalists flee to Taiwan •Represent China on the UN Security council until 1970 Mao Zedong Korean War [1950-1953] •Japanese Troops in the south surrendered to the Americans Kim Il-Sung •Japanese Troops in the north surrendered to the Soviets •Democratic Republic created there •Communist government created there Syngman Rhee Korean War 1950-1953 •President Truman is sensitive about “losing” China to the communists •He responds aggressively in Korea to show America that the Democrats are not “soft” on communism Korean War 1950-1953 • Northern Communists invade Southern Democracy • We (U.N.) send troops to S. Korea • China sends Troops to N. Korea • General Douglas Macarthur thinks we should use Nuclear weapons – Loudly criticizes Truman for not having the “guts” – Truman fires him, “Old soldiers never die, they just fade away.” The Shifting Map of Korea [1950-1953] A Few Thoughtful Sentences… 1. What would have happened if MacArthur had convinced Truman to expand into China? How might today’s world be different? OR 2. Who was right? Truman or MacArthur?
