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The Rise of Dictators and WWII Section 1: Steps to War WWII Student Learning Targets I’m going to give you a worksheet with our learning targets for this unit. Each week, as we go through the unit, you will check off the things you understand as you learn them. By the end of the unit you should be able to check that you understand all 6 learning objectives! The Rise of Dictators Dictators (absolute rulers) seized power in Italy, Germany, Japan, Soviet Union after World War I Germany was treated severely after WWI (stripped of territory, forced to disarm, pay reparations) Worldwide Depression also hit – many people looked to new leaders to solve problems The MAJOR Dictators: Benito Mussolini in Italy; Adolf Hitler in Germany; Joseph Stalin in the Soviet Union Benito Mussolini (Italy) Preached a government called Fascism – includes intense patriotism & nationalism Very much linked to racism and cultural superiority Adolf Hitler (Germany) Leader of the Nazi Party Spoke about Germany racial superiority Wanted revenge for Germany’s loss in World War I Joseph Stalin (Soviet Union) Communist leader (Russia went Communist after WWI) Controlled every aspect of people’s lives Eliminated all competition to him in order to stay in power Dictators Expand Territory = IMPERIALISM 1931 – Japan attacks Manchuria in northern China Japan wants more natural resources for its growing population (Manchuria is rich in natural resources) Italy invades Ethiopia 1935 – Italy invaded Ethiopia in Africa Mussolini wanted new areas to expand his empire in Africa Germany Begins Conquests 1936 – Hitler moves troops into the Rhineland (German region near the French border) WWI treaty said no German troops here French Gov’t and League of Nations – TAKE NO ACTION German-Italian Alliance Germany and Italy form the Axis Powers Now – two dictators with stated goals of expansion are good friends Axis Powers help Spain’s Fascist military overthrow its elected government (Spanish Civil War) Mussolini and Hitler Hitler begins his own Conquests 1938 – Hitler and the Germans invade Austria (most Austrians spoke German and welcomed becoming a part of Germany) But…Hitler and the Germans were expanding – and the WWI treaty told them not to… The Sudetenland After taking Austria – Hitler wants more His next desire is the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia The Czechs didn’t want to give this area to Germany – nor did France and Russia Germany’s Expansion “Appeasement” at Munich The British step in to offer a peace and avoid war British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain meets with Hitler in Munich, Germany • They agree to give Hitler the Sudetenland • Hitler has to promise he is done seeking territory Reactions to Munich Neville Chamberlain, the British Prime Minister who came up with the agreement, said that he had achieved “peace in our time” Winston Churchill, the future Prime Minister, said: “Britain and France had to choose between war and shame. They chose shame. They will get war, too.” Hitler breaks his promise: Germany Starts the War After being given Sudetenland – Hitler takes the rest of Czechoslovakia Hitler signs a Non-Aggression Pact with Stalin and the Soviet Union (they agree to not make war on each other) – now France and Britain have lost an ally Immediately after – Germany invades Poland (France & Britain declare war on Germany) WWII officially begins In summary: Causes of WWII: similar to causes of WWI Nationalism (Mussolini and Hitler VERY nationalistic) Arms Race Germany, Italy and Japan spent a lot of money building up the military and formed the Axis Powers Imperialism- Larger countries continued to try to gain more land overseas (ex: Italy takes Ethiopia and Japan takes Manchuria and Germany takes Czechoslovakia) In summary: Causes of WWII different from causes of WWI Treaty of Versailles-Made Germans angry The Great Depression- made people very poor and desperate for change. People more willing to follow dictators. Causes of WWI and WWII Venn Diagram What were the causes of WWI? How were they the same or different from the causes of WWII? Fill out a Venn Diagram to show the similarities and differences between the causes of WWI and WWII. Exit Slip and Homework Use your book and your notes to answer the following questions before you leave: What were the causes of WWII? Make vocabulary note cards for the following terms: Appeasement Fascism/Dictatorship Imperialism Arms Race Nationalism The Great Depression The Treaty of Versailles Adolf Hitler - Germany Joseph Stalin – Soviet Union Benito Mussolini – Italy Hideki Tojo - Japan Axis Powers