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D-Day BERLIN Museum Entrance Battle of midway island Battle of the Bulge Atomic bombings Welcome to the Museum of WW2 Battles and Operations Curator’s Offices Liam Berry Curator’s Office • • • • • • • • Smart Like to game Like sport’s Get good grades Short blonde hair 8th grade Depoali middle school Going to damonte Place your picture hre. Contact me at [Your linked email address] Return to Entry Atomic Bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki Room 1 Return to Entry [D Day ] Room Room 2 Return to Entry The Battle of Bulge Room 3 Return to Entry Battle of Midway Island Room 4 Return to Entry Battle of Berlin Room 5 Return to Entry Atomic bomb On August 6, 1945, the United States used a huge, atomic bomb against Hiroshima, Japan and a few days later they dropped a bigger one on Nagasaki, Japan. The atomic bomb that was dropped on Hiroshima was the equivalent of 20,000 tons of TNT. The bomb flattened the city, killing tens of thousands of people. While Japan was still trying to adjust to this devastation, three days later, the United States struck again, this time, on Nagasaki. The Nagasaki bomb was more powerful but didn’t cause as much damage. Linked citation goes here Return to Exhibit “Enola Gay” The plane that dropped the atom bomb on Hiroshima was B-29 bomber and it was called the “Enola Gay”. It took off from Tinian, a North Pacific Island, 1,500 miles south from Japan. It was a twelve man crew on the plane and the pilot nicknamed the plane after his mother. It was escorted by two other bomber planes. In order to carry such a large bomb, the plane was modified with new propellers, stronger engines and a faster opening door where the bomb would be dropped through. Linked citation goes here Return to Exhibit The first bombing While the people that got bombed in Hiroshima were recovering from the first bombing, the United States were planning a second bombing. The second run wasn’t delayed because they were waiting for Japan to surrender but because they were waiting for the perfect amount of plutonium to fuel the atomic bomb. The bomb that dropped over Nagazaki was called the “Fat Man”. This bomb was considered to be much more powerful than the one that was dropped over Hiroshima, but because of the terrain in Nagazaki, the bomb didn’t do as much damage as it could have. With having a population of 270,000, over 70,000 people died by the end of they year. http://history1900s.about.com/od/worldwari i/a/hiroshima_2.htm Return to Exhibit Aftermath Some of the people that survived the bombing got cancer and their IQ dropped permanently. A lot of people had hair loss and thermal burns from the radiation. Some people also developed mental retardation and permanent blindness. The bomb that was dropped over Hiroshima weighed 9,700 lbs. and the bomb that was dropped over Nagasaki weighed 10,265 lbs. Some of the people that were exposed developed Post Traumatic Stress Disorder and those people had nightmares, flashbacks, intense anxiety, depression, and suicidal thoughts. Linked citation goes here Return to Exhibit D-Day During World War II (1939-1945), the Battle of Normandy, which lasted from June 1944 to August 1944, resulted in the Allied liberation of Western Europe from Nazi Germany’s control. Codenamed Operation Overlord, the battle began on June 6, 1944 also known as D-Day, when some 156,000 American, British and Canadian forces landed on five beaches along a 50-mile stretch of the heavily fortified coast of France’s Normandy region. The invasion was one of the largest amphibious military assaults in history and required extensive planning. Prior to D-Day, the Allies conducted a large-scale deception campaign designed to mislead the Germans about the intended invasion target. By late August 1944, all of northern France had been liberated and by the following spring the Allies had defeated the Germans. Linked citation goes here Return to Exhibit Attack plan “Formal planning for the invasion of Northwest Europe began in 1943. A group led by British General Frederick Morgan searched for the best point along the coast to strike and started drawing up assault plans. In May, at an Allied conference in Washington, D.C., a target date of spring 1944 was set for the long-awaited attack. In December 1943 a commander for the operation was selected. The choice was an American,General Dwight D. Eisenhower. Eisenhower had directed Allied invasion forces in North Africa and Italy. He took up his new post,Supreme Commander Allied Expeditionary Force,in January 1944. Eisenhower approved of Morgan's selection of the Normandy coast in France as the invasion site, but he increased the size of the assault force. He and his staff then prepared the details of a plan to organize, transport, land, and supply the largest amphibious invasion force in history. The operation was code-named "Overlord." The outcome of the war rested upon its success.” http://www.nationalww2museum.org/learn/education/forstudents/ww2-history/d-day-june-6-1944.html Linked citation goes here Return to Exhibit Statistics On the day of June 6th 1944 more than 160,00 allied soldier’s landed on the beaches of Normandy more than 9,00 allied troops gave there life so that the allied forces could begin there long siege against Adolf Hitler’s army. General Dwight d Eisenhower said “we accept nothing less than defeat” Eisenhower. As Eisenhower said. The battle at Normandy lasted 24 hours including the help of 13,000 aircraft and 5 thousand troop’s the battle was shortly over with the Americans on their way in to Normandy to liberate France. The remaining Germans on the beach where either killed help as p.o.w’s or escaped to fight another day in a losing war against the allies. Return to Exhibit Backpack loot Before the deadly task of d day parachute’s helped clear the way having an extraordinarily dangerous job. The average pack a parachute carried if they didn’t lose portions of it is. Standard Parachutist pack M-1 Garand Rifle with 8-round clip cartridge belt with canteen hand grenades parachute and pack anti-flash headgear and gloves pocket compass machete .45 caliber Colt automatic pistol flares message book This is what every soldier except officers and other’s carried. The emergency rations where 4 pieces of chewing gum 2 bouillon cubes 2 Nescafe instant coffees, 2 sugar cubes, and creamers 4 Hershey bars 1 pack of Charms candy 1 package pipe tobacco 1 bottle of water purification (Halazone) tablets to purify water. "To use: Put two tablets in canteen full of water (approx. 1 qt.) and shake briskly. Wait 30 minutes before drinking water. If water is dirty or discolored, use 4 tablets." Linked citation goes here Return to Exhibit The start December 1944, Adolph Hitler attempted to split the Allied armies in northwest Europe by means of a surprise blitzkrieg thrust through the Ardennes to Antwerp. American units fought desperate battles to stem the German advance at St.-Vith, Elsenborn Ridge, Houffalize and Bastogne. As the Germans drove deeper into the Ardennes in an attempt to secure vital bridgeheads, the Allied line took on the appearance of a large bulge, giving rise to the battle’s name. Lieutenant General George S. Patton’s successful maneuvering of the Third Army to Bastogne proved vital to the Allied defense, leading to the neutralization of the German counteroffensive despite heavy casualties. www.history/WWII/battleofbulge.com Return to Exhibit Hitler’s plan It’s objective was to split the Allied armies by means of a surprise blitzkrieg thrust through the Ardennes to Antwerp, marking a repeat of what the Germans had done three times previously–in September 1870, August 1914, and May 1940. Despite Germany’s historical penchant for mounting counteroffensives when things looked darkest, the Allies’ leadership miscalculated and left the Ardennes lightly defended by only two inexperienced and two battered American divisions. http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/battle-ofthe-bulge Return to Exhibit On December 16, three German armies (more than a quarter-million troops) launched the deadliest and most desperate battle of the war in the west in the poorly roaded, rugged, heavily forested Ardennes. The once-quiet region became bedlam as American units were caught flat-footed and fought desperate battles to stem the German advance at St.-Vith, Elsenborn Ridge, Houffalize and, later, Bastogne, which was defended by the 101st Airborne Division. The inexperienced U.S. 106th Division was nearly annihilated, but even in defeat helped buy time for Brigadier General Bruce C. Clarke’s brilliant defense of St.-Vith. As the German armies drove deeper into the Ardennes in an attempt to secure vital bridgeheads west of the River Meuse quickly, the line defining the Allied front took on the appearance of a large protrusion or bulge, the name by which the battle would forever be known. http://www.history.com/topics/worldwar-ii/battle-of-the-bulge Return to Exhibit General Patton General George s. Patton greatly hoped to lead the allied invasion of the Normandy, but was publicly assigned command of a fictitious force of Pas de Calais, France, the allies were able to make land on the beaches of Normandy which is on D-Day (June 6, 1944). After the 1st army broke the German line, his 3rd army swept the through the breach in to northern France to pursue to Nazis. Late that year, the deadliest battle US ever fought in WWII would be known as the BATTLE OF THE BULGE Linked citation goes here Return to Exhibit Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto On May 1942, Japanese Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto wanted to draw the US Pacific Fleet into a battle where he could overwhelm and destroy them. To turn this plan into a reality he planned an invasion of Midway Island which would make a good place to attack the oncoming ships from. Yamamoto knew that the U.S, would send their remaining aircraft carriers to protect that fleet. He believed that the U.S. had only two aircraft carriers though. Linked citation goes here Return to Exhibit Midway Island At 4:30 on June 4, Japanese Vice Admiral launched 108 planes to attack Midway Island and other planes to watch for the American Fleet. The small amount of fighters on the island were quickly wiped out by the Japanese then they destroyed all of communication systems and any other stuff the island had. The vice Admiral’s leaders told him to do a second attack, so he sent his reserved aircraft which was loaded with torpedoes and bombs. After he launched his reserve plane, a Japanese plane reported seeing the American fleet coming. Linked citation goes here Return to Exhibit Army statistics Resources Used America: 3 carriers 25 support ships 233 carrier aircraft 127 land-based aircraft Japan: 4 carriers 2 battleships 15 support ships (heavy and light cruisers, destroyers) 248 carrier aircraft, 16 floatplanes Japanese Ships that did not participate in the battle: 2 light carriers 5 battleships 41 support ships Linked citation goes here Return to Exhibit Casualties Battle of Midway - Casualties: US Fleet Losses •340 killed (Approximate) •Aircraft Carrier USS Yorktown •Destroyer USS Hammann •145 aircraft Japanese Navy Losses •3,057 killed (Approximate) •Aircraft Carrier Akagi •Aircraft Carrier Kaga •Aircraft Carrier Soryu •Aircraft Carrier Hiryu •Heavy Cruiser Mikuma •228 aircraft Total Number of Deaths 3,397 Deaths (Approximate) Linked citation goes here Return to Exhibit The attack The battle of berlin is the start of the conclusion of WWII. This battle was the battle where the soviet army broke the defense of the german army and started the battle taking place in berlin. The battle took place on the date April 16th that lasted to May 2nd, 1945. The soviet army executed their offense to take berlin was on January of 1945 where the Soviet forces would clear out the remaining German forces from Poland. Linked citation goes here Return to Exhibit STATISTICS The armies that would face had a fair amount of commanders, the soviet army had four commandants, germans had five commandants including hitler himself. The soviet army had 196 divisions, 2,500,000 soldiers, 6,250 tanks and SP guns, 7,500 aircraft, 41,600 artillery pieces. For the investment and assault on the Berlin Defense Area approximately 1,500,000 soldiers were employed as for the german army had 50 divisions, 766,750 soldiers, 1,519 AFV, 2,224 aircraft, 9,303 artillery pieces In the Berlin Defense Area: Approximately 45,000 soldiers, supplemented by the police force, Hitler Youth, and 40,000 Volkssturm. The casualties were high as the soviets suffered at least 81,116 dead or missing, 280,251 sick or wounded, 1,997 tanks, 2,108 artillery pieces, 917 aircraft and german suffered unknown, Estimate Casualties from the Battle of Berlin: 92,000–100,000 killed, 220,000 wounded, 480,000 POW Inside Berlin Defence Area: About 22,000 military dead, 22,000 civilian dead. Especially hitler himself. But in the end, the soviets had won and begun the end of WWII. http://www.worldwar2facts.org/battleof-berlin-facts.html Return to Exhibit PLAN “Leading up to the Battle for Berlin, Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin considered the city to be one of the major prizes of the war. He feared that the British would beat the Soviets to the city with UK Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery’s 21st Army Group that was advancing from Holland into Northern Germany. Due to fears of Hitler escaping to the south into Austria, U.S. General Dwight D. Eisenhower made the decision to plan for a broad front offensive using the U.S. 9th Army to conduct mopping-up operations in the Ruhr and then advance eastwards towards the Erfurt-Leipzig-Dresden line. At the same time, Montgomery’s 21st Army Group would protect the northern flank of the Allies and General Jacob Devers’ 6th Army Group would protect the southern flank. The end result would be to meet the Soviet’s advance around Dresden and effectively cut Germany in half. The decision to not make Berlin the focus of the Allied advance was not popular with Churchill, especially after the Soviets had started back tracking on a number of agreements made at the Yalta conference.” http://www.worldwar2facts.org/battle-of-berlin-facts.html Return to Exhibit Hitler’s death Early on April 30th, General Helmuth Otto Weidling, who was the last German commander of the Berlin defense area, Volkssturmmann with Panzerschreck, Berlin, April 1945. reported to Hitler that the ammunition of the defenders would be exhausted at some point that evening. He was given permission to attempt a breakout through the Red Army lines encircling Berlin. Later that afternoon, Hitler and his wife (Braun) committed suicide. Their bodies were cremated close to his bunker. Upon his death, Hitler’s will appointed Admiral Karl Dönitz as the Reichspräsident or “President” of the country. Joseph Goebbels was appointed as the new Reichskanzler or Chancellor of Germany. Following Hitler’s lead, many of his followers would commit suicide prior to the city surrendering to the Soviets which occurred on May 2nd, 1945. Fighting would continue around the city until WW 2 in Europe ended on May 8th. During this time, many German units would fight to the west so they could surrender to the Western Allies vice the Soviets. http://www.worldwar2facts.org/battle-of-berlin-facts.html Return to Exhibit luger The luger is a pistol what hitler used to killed his family and himself. Why is this important? Because the pistol took the life of hitler… well it didn’t exactly took his life as he killed himself to avoid capture. Linked citation goes here Return to Exhibit Japanese kamikaze plane Manned by pilots that are willing to give their lives away for their victory of their country. Yeah, this took that to the next level, these suicidal bombers has no other purpose but to fly straight at an air carrier and crash it there, killing the pilot and causing devastating damages. Linked citation goes here Return to Entrance howitzer An old artillery cannon that forces enemy soldiers into hiding in their bunkers. Like motars, they shoot farther to hit their targets and destroy properties to weaken the enimeis forces all while still forcing them underground. The howitzer is a heavy machinery and sometimes could tip over. Reloading this beast takes about 30 seconds to fire another piece of exploding metal. Used in nearly every battle of all in WWII Linked citation goes here Return to Entrance Back Wall Artifact World War 2, also known as the second world war lasted six years (1939-1945). The war began on September 1, 1939 when Germany invaded Poland. America didn’t join the war until the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941 and the next day, America declared war on December 8, 1941. Many people died in World War 2. The country that had the most people killed was the Soviet Union with over 25 million deaths. That total is both civilians and soldiers. The total number of civilians and soldiers killed that lived or fought for the Allied Countries was approximately more than 39 million deaths. The total number of civilians and soldiers from the Axis countries was more than 8 million deaths. The total amount of people that died during WW2 is approximately 48,231,700 deaths. Linked citation goes here Return to Exhibit