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Who’s Who of WWII??? September 8, 2014 • WWI: “War to End All Wars” – Left bitterness, anger, & revenge • WWI + Great Depression = – Totalitarian Dictatorships in Germany, Italy, Japan, & USSR Totalitarian State • Gov’t in which one party/ leader holds TOTAL control • Strong, charismatic leader head of gov’t • Police, spies, & terror to enforce • Gov’t controls media/ propaganda • Use schools to spread ideology to children • Censor intellectuals/ rivals Types of Totalitarian Governments*** • Communist – Gov’t control everything (no private property) – Classless society (no rich/ no poor) – SOCIALISM • Fascist – Glorify country (private property allowed) • Nazi – Just like Fascism (but RACE issue) • Military Dictatorships – GROUP of military leaders make decisions Germany Following the Great War/ Rise of Hitler September 10, 2015 Adolf Hitler Bio • Born in Austria • Dropped out of high school at age 16 • Rejected TWICE from Academy of Art school/ Lived on streets • Painted post cards • GREAT speaker – Speeches against Jews in male homeless shelters • Moved to Munich right before WWI – Joined German Army – Won Iron Cross After WWI… Germany a democracy, BUT… • Economic troubles • HIGH inflation ($$$) • Then…Great Depression Anti-Democratic Parties • National Socialist German Workers Party (NAZI) – Not socialist (socialism: no private property) 1. All about promoting GERMANY • Nothing more important than the country 2. Supreme Race - Aryan • Leader of the NAZI Party - Adolf Hitler (1921) • 1918: WWI ends – Hitler bitter/ angry • 1919: German Worker’s Party formed • 1920: Renamed NAZI party • 1921: Head of NAZI Party • 1923: Rebellion to overthrow gov’t – Arrested • Writes Mein Kampf (My Struggle) – Blueprint of his hatreds & plans for world domination/ ANTI-SEMITIC • How does Hitler increase Nazi membership? – Offer free meals to hear speak 1. Unemployment 2. Homelessness 3. Hunger RISE IN NAZI PARTY/ GIVE GERMANS HOPE • 1927: Hitler released from prison/ Nazi membership down • Hitler realizes – NO REVOLUTION (need to work way up) German Gov’t 1. Reichstag (elected officials – like our CONGRESS) 2. President (elected by the PEOPLE) 3. Chancellor (elected by the REICHSTAG) Hitler’s GOAL: Get Nazi majority in Reichstag, so ____________. • 1929: U.S. Depression GOES GLOBAL • Germany slow on war payments – France takes RHINELAND (industrial sector in Western Germany) • Hitler doing NUMEROUS Nazi meetings (6 per night) – Depression HELPS gain members • SA (Storm Troopers) – Hitler’s private military – Protect Hitler at rallies • SS (Hitler’s Elite guards) – At least 5’10” – Series of tests to prove Aryanism (family tree to 1726) – Agree to obey Hitler blindly (no remorse/ sympathy) • 1932: Hitler gains German citizenship • January 30, 1933: NAZI Party VERY powerful – President makes Hitler Chancellor of Germany • February 27, 1933: German Reichstag building burns to ground – President declares STATE of EMERGENCY – Article 48: Reichstag gives Hitler FULL legislative power – Hitler can introduce ANY law (without Reichstag) • August 1934: German President dies • 1935: Hitler makes self Chancellor & President of Germany – Combines office and calls self “Fuhrer” (leader) – Rules WITHOUT Reichstag • Hitler promises Germans that Germany will be GREAT AGAIN • Hitler IMMEDIATELY: – Rearms & expands Germany • Against League of Nations – Rebuilds Infrastructure (Roads/ Highways/ etc.) – ENDS DEPRESSION • Germans LOVE Hitler – Jobs, $$$, cars • Brainwashed/ propaganda • Control press/ Hitler Youth • Terrify into Silence/ Secret Police Russia v. USSR • Russia: largest country in world • 1917: Russia exits WWI early/ Revolution – Turns communist • Union of Soviet Socialist Republics – U.S.S.R. (1919 – 1989) • Vladimir Lenin (leader) – Civil Wars – Starvation/ Famine (millions die) • 1924: Lenin dies – Joseph Stalin takes over • Gov’t controlled ECONOMY 1. Redistribute land (Equal share for EVERYONE/ Gov’t control) 2. High production goals for farms AND factories • Resistance = labor camps • Great Terror: Millions of Soviets died by resisting or not producing enough • BAD…but Economy fixed • TIME “Man of the Year” TWICE