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Transcript
Germany & Adolf Hitler October 5, 2009 “War to End All Wars”…Yeah Right • Recap – 1918: WWI ends – 1919: Treaty of Versailles (Ver-sigh) • Britain, France, & U.S. decide EVERYTHING – Germany • • • • Admit total guilt Pay for war No military Lose land – Italy & Japan (allies) • Thought they’d get more land – “War to End all Wars” left bitterness, anger, & revenge • WWI + Great Depression = – Dictatorships in Germany, Italy, Japan, & Russia • Totalitarian State – Gov’t in which one party/ leader controls EVERYTHING – Strong, charismatic leader often at head of gov’t – Gov’t controls economy – Police, spies, & terror to enforce – Gov’t controls media/ propaganda – Use of schools/ youth organizations to spread ideology to chilren – Censor intellectuals/ political rivals Communist…Fascist…Nazi… What’s the Difference??? • Communist – Russia – Classless society (No rich/ No poor) – Gov’t owns EVERYTHING • Military Dictatorship – Japan – Group of military dictators make rules • Fascist – Italy – All efforts/ resources to glorify country – If country great/ people are great • Nazi – Like fascism, but ONE DIFFERENCE • RACE PRIVATE PROPERTY OK • After WWI – Germany a democracy • • • Economic troubles HIGH inflation Great Depression – Anti-Democratic Parties • National Socialist German Workers Party (NAZI) – Not socialist – Opposed socialism/ communism 1. All about promoting GERMANY – Nothing more important than the country 2. Supreme Race - Aryan • Leader of the NAZI Party - Adolf Hitler Adolf Hitler Bio • Born in Austria • Dropped out of high school at age 16 • Rejected TWICE from Academy of Art school • Lived on streets • Painted post cards • GREAT speaker – Speeches against Jews in male homeless shelters • Moved to Munich right before WWI – Joined German Army – Won Iron Cross • WWI ends – Hitler bitter/ angry • Head of NAZI Party • Rebellion to overthrow gov’t – Arrested – Writes Mein Kampf (My Struggle) • Explanations for problems of Germany • Anti-Semetic - prejudice against Jewish • Blueprint of his hatreds & plans for world domination • Unemployment • Homelessness • Hunger RISE IN NAZI PARTY • 1933: NAZI Party Powerful • President makes Hitler Chancellor of Germany • 1935: Hitler makes self President & Chancellor • Ruled without Parliament (Reichstag) • HITLER promises Germany will RISE AGAIN • Immediately – Rearms & expand Germany • Against League of Nations – Rebuild Infrastructure (Roads/ Highways/ etc.) – ENDS DEPRESSION • Germans LOVE Hitler – Jobs – $$$ – 1936: Olympics in Berlin • Jesse Owens crushes Aryan myth – Brainwashed/ Propaganda – Terrify into Silence • Germany is a well oiled machine – Secret Police crushed all opposition – State controlled press • Praised accomplishments – State controlled education system • Nazi Youth Organizations • Hitler on war – “Victor will not be asked afterwards whether he told the truth or not…It is not RIGHT that matters, but VICTORY” – “Eighty million Germans must obtain what is THEIR right. Their existence must be made secure. The STRONGER man is right” (1939)