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World War II Chapter 19 Notes World History C. Simmons German Path to War Hitler defied the West – rebuilt German military, Luftwaffe – German air force Hitler sent troops into the Rhineland Great Britain practiced appeasement – giving in to reasonable demands Hitler allied with Italy (Axis Powers) Anschluss – unification of all German people, Hitler entered Austria Munich Conference – Allies gave into Hitler's demands Nazi-Soviet Pact – Russia and Germany would not fight each other Japanese Path to War Japan’s need for natural resources – invasion of Manchuria Japan wanted to build empire in the Pacific and SE Asia U.S. threatened sanctions but Japan continued aggression Discussion What dilemma did Nazi-Soviet Pact create for Japan? Why did Nazis and Soviets agree to nonaggression? Europe at War Hitler’s Blitzkrieg – lightning war, stuns Europe Hitler controlled 3/5 of France by 1940 U.S. followed strict policy of isolationism – staying neutral Germans launched major bombing campaign in Britain, Battle of Britain – radar helped Britain survive German troops attacked Russia in 1941 U.S. enters War December 7, 1941 attack on Pearl Harbor, “a day that will live in infamy” FDR Brought U.S. into war U.S. mobilized industry to rebuild fleet Allies Advance – U.S., Britain, Soviet Union form allied powers Invasion of N Africa by Eisenhower, Battle at Stalingrad turning point on eastern front Battle of midway by MacArthur turning point in the Pacific Last Years of War On June 6, 1944 D-Day invasion of France at Normandy By August 2 million men and ½ million vehicles had landed in France Pushed back German forces, Battle of the Bulge last German stand. 1945 German had been defeated, Hitler committed suicide in bunker, V-E Day May 7, 1945 August 1945 two Atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, August 14, 1945 V-J Day War was over after the deaths of about 55 million people Discussion What was war strategy for U.S. in the Pacific? What Battles changed the tide of the war? New Order in Asia and Europe Japan used raw materials in SE Asia to feed its war machine Led to thousands dying by starvation In German occupied territories nonGerman people were replaced with Germans (Poland) Recruitment of foreign workers because of labor shortage in Germany The Holocaust Final Solution to the Jewish problem – genocide, extermination Hitler used the SS under Heinrich Himmler, Gestapo to carry out plans Concentration and extermination camps (Auschwitz) 1.6 million died, about 60% of European Jews were killed Total of 15 million undesirables were killed during the Holocaust Most common form of execution was the gas chamber Discussion Why did Allies allow the Holocaust to happen? How did Asia and Europe change during the war? Home Front and Mobilization Total war – complete mobilization of industry, people and military Auto industries produced military equipment from ships to helmets U.S. was the arsenal – produced most of war material for Allies Sacrifice of people – rationing, Japanese internment in U.S. Kamikaze pilots in Japan (honor) Civilians on the Front Lines Bombing of cities, especially in Britain Air raid sirens became common sounds B-29 super fortresses dropping of first atomic bombs in Japan WWII first war civilians were put in this much danger Peace and New War Conflict evolved from disagreements b/t big three, Britain, U.S., and Soviet Union Yalta Conference – split up Germany Potsdam Conference – continued disagreements Iron Curtain was created – Communism v. Democracy Led to Cold War Era b/t U.S. and Soviets