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World War II Key Ideas
Video
Hitler’s Steps to War:
2. Rearmament/Rhineland
3. Austria
4. Munich Conference- Sudentland
5. Czechoslovakia
6. Poland
The Road to World War II
On your own paper
explain what the
cartoonist suggests
Hitler is doing?
Who are the other
people in this picture
and what does the
cartoonist think of
them?
January 1933: Hitler became
Chancellor of Germany
Hitler soon ordered a programme of
rearming Germany
Hitler visits a factory and is enthusiastically greeted. Many
Germans were grateful for jobs after the misery of he
depression years.
March 1936: German troops
marched into the Rhineland
The Rhineland was a
region of Germany that
was ‘demilitarised’ after
the Treaty of Versailles.
Germany was not
allowed to have troops
in the region.
Hitler’s actions showed
how he was willing to
directly challenge the
treaty.
March 1938: Nazi Germany
annexed Austria
Again, this went
against the terms of
the Treaty of Versailles
which banned
Germany from uniting
with Austria.
However, the arrival of
German troops was
met with great
enthusiasm by many
Austrian people.
March 1939: Germany invaded
Czechoslovakia
Hitler had ordered the
occupation of a part of
Czechoslovakia known as the
Sudetenland (in October
1938). Many hoped that that
this would be the last conquest
of the Nazis.
However, in March 1939, he
ordered his troops to take over
the remainder of
Czechoslovakia. This was the
first aggressive step that
suggested that a war in
Europe would soon begin.
August 1939: Germany and Russia signed a non-aggression pact
Hitler and Stalin (the Russian
leader) signed a ‘nonaggression pact’.
They promised that neither
country would attack the other
in the event of war.
As part of the deal, Hitler
promised Stalin part of Poland,
which he planned to invade
soon.
This photo shows the Russian foreign minister
signing the pact, whilst Stalin stands smiling in
the background
Stalin
Hitler
The non-aggression pact was surprising. Hitler and Stalin were seen as natural enemies.
When Hitler talked of taking over new land for Germany, many thought that he meant Russia.
Hitler also hated Communism, the form of government in Russia
September 1939: Germany invaded Poland
But, the pact allowed
Germany to march into
Poland without fear of
an attack from Russia.
On 3rd September
1939, Germany invaded
Poland and started a
War with Britain and
France.
German troops marching
into Warsaw, the capital
of Poland.
May 1940: Germany turned west and
invaded France and the Netherlands
In May 1940, Germany
used Blitzkrieg tactics to
attack France and the
Netherlands.
British troops were
forced to retreat from the
beaches of Dunkirk in
northern France.
Captured British
troops, May 1940
Blitzkrieg
Battle of Dunkirk
May-June 1940
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1939-1941 Germany
overtook everything in
it’s path. They seemed
unstoppable.
Dunkirk was a morale
boost for Britain.
Even though it was a
defeat they saved over
300,000 troops
By June 1940, France had surrendered to the
Germans
Britain now stood alone as the
last remaining enemy of
Hitler’s Germany in Western
Europe.
Vichy France- June 22, 1940, France
divided into two zones: one to be
under German military occupation
and one to be left to the French in
full sovereignty
Adolf Hitler tours Paris after his
successful invasion.
Battle of Britain
Sept, 1940
“Upon this battle depends the survival of
Christian civilization. Upon it depends our own
British life and the long continuity of our
institutions and our Empire…. Hitler knows that
he will have to break us in this island or lose the
war. If we can stand up to him, all Europe may be
free and the life of the world may move forward
into broad, sunlit uplands.” - Winston Churchill
"The gratitude of every home in our Island, in our
Empire, and indeed throughout the world goes out
to the British airmen who, undaunted by odds,
unwearied in their constant challenge and mortal
danger, are turning the tide of the World War by
their prowess and by their devotion. Never in the
field of human conflict was so much owed by so
many to so few.” – Winston Churchill
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Germany wanted to
invade Britain, but in
order to do so, it had
to control the air.
This battle was
fought in the air
between the British
RAF and the
German Luftwaffe.
Operation Barbarossa, June 1941
But in May, 1941, Hitler ordered a change of tactics. He decided to halt the
bombing of Britain and launch an attack against Russia. He betrayed Stalin
and ignored the promises he had made.
This was a bold move that would prove to be an important turning point
in the War.
Review Questions:
1)
2)
3)
4)
In what ways did Hitler ignore the Treaty of Versailles?
At what stage do you think other countries should have
attempted to stop Hitler by using force? Why do you think they
did not?
How was Hitler able to take over Western Europe so quickly?
Why did he create problems for the German army by deciding
to invade Russia?
Battle for Moscow
October 2, 1941

Moscow itself had been turned into a
fortress 422 miles of anti-tank ditches
812 miles of barbed wire
30,000 firing points

By December, Germany was 18 miles from
the center of Moscow
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Germany lost 155,000 men
Harsh winter temperatures reached -20 at
night
Supply trains had a hard time supplying an
army spread out that far
January of 1942 Hitler withdrew, ending
Operation Barbarossa
Battle of Stalingrad
Winter 1942-1943
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Last German offensive attack
Historians believe Hitler went after Stalingrad
because it was named after Stalin
Stalingrad was a complete loss for Germany,
91,000 prisoners taken
Germany was in full retreat after this battle
Battle of Kursk
July, 1943
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German was in retreat after Stalingrad, and Hitler
was worried about image and morale
He launched an offensive
Greatest Tank Battle
Germany lost
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500,000 men
Now in full retreat
Battle of Normandy
June 6th 1944
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US joins the war in Europe and unites with
Britain to take back France
Normandy is the point where the Allied invasion
force lands
Heavy beach fighting as the force pushes their
way inland
Battle of the Bulge
Winter 1944-1945
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German halted their retreat for one last attack.
Largest battle fought by Americans in WWII
The Germans experienced great success to start with. Why was this?
Ø The Allies were surprised by the attack. They had received little intelligence that
such an attack would take place.
Ø Before the attack started, English speaking German soldiers dressed in American
uniforms went behind the lines of the Allies and caused havoc by spreading
misinformation, changing road signs and cutting telephone lines. Those who were caught
were shot after a court martial.
Ø The weather was also in Hitler’s favour. Low cloud and fog meant that the superior
air force of the Allies could not be used
German success last 2 days. Then the weather cleared
and the Allies started pushing back.
Battle of Berlin
April- May 1945
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The Russians from the east and the Allies from the west
surround Hitler and his army in Berlin
On the morning of April 30th Hitler was informed that
German soldiers would soon run out of ammunition.
Hitler and his wife of 1 day Eva Braun committed suicide
that afternoon
Germany surrendered May 2, 1945
Hitler Suicide Reading
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Who is Eva Braun?
List two things Hitler asked for in his will.
How did Eva die?
How did Hitler die?
What happened to their bodies and why?
How long was Hitler the Fuhrer of Germany?
WW2 in the Pacific
Japanese Goals of the 1930’s
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Revive economy hit by Depression
Lead economic modernization in Asia - hoping
to one day rival Europe and the United States
Free Asia from western colonial influences
Set up “East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere”
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“Asia for Asians”
Dominate Asia economically and militarily
31
Question
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What might limit Japan’s ability to dominate
Asia?
32
Aggression in Manchuria
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September 1931, needing the
resources of Manchuria the
Japanese army invaded
China protested to the
League of Nations
The League of Nations
“condemned” Japan
33
34
Tensions Rise in China
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By 1937, Japanese forces
overran much of the
northern part of China
Rape of Nanking – in
1937 Japanese forces
brutalized the population
of Nanking – murdering
over 300,000 civilians
and soldiers in a few
months
35
WWII in Asia
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Berlin, 1940 - Japan joins
alliance with Germany and
Italy (WHY)
Looked to European
colonies in Southeast Asia
for resources
FDR threatened to cut off
supplies of scrap metal,
rubber, and oil
36
Events leading to Pearl Harbor
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Believing the United States
will not only cut off supplies,
but also declare war, the
Japanese planned a surprise
attack on Pearl Harbor to
eliminate the American naval
presence in the Pacific
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Video
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38
Effects of Pearl Harbor
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December 7, 1941, the
Japanese attack Pearl Harbor
Japanese miscalculated
American response – instead
of cowering, the American
people rallied together
December 8, 1941, the
United States declares war
on Japan
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Japanese Successes
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1941 Guam and Wake Island
1942- Philippines, Dutch East Indies, Hong
Kong, Malaya, Singapore and Burma
49
Japan’s Eventual Defeat
50
The Dropping of the Atomic
Bomb
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Video
Pictures
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Sadako
Casualties
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Hiroshima (pre-raid 255,000)
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135,000 (estimates)
Nagasaki (pre-raid 195,000)
64,000 (estimates)
52
This is a photo of the atomic bomb
blast over Nagasaki, Japan.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
What do you see in the
photograph.
From what point of view do we
see the atomic bomb blast?
Where is the photographer
situated? Why would he or she
have wanted to take the photo
from that location?
Do you think the photograph
glorifies or condemns the power
of the bomb? What aspects of the
image support your conclusion?
Do you think this image removes
the emotional impact of the
devastating effects of the bomb?
How? Why would you want to
remove the emotional impact of
such a destructive device?
"Awestruck, we watched it shoot upward like a meteor coming from the earth instead of
from outer space, becoming ever more alive as it climbed skyward through the white
clouds. It was no longer smoke, or dust, or even a cloud of fire. It was a living thing, a
new species of being, born right before our incredulous eyes."
Activity
There will be two groups. Each group will read their respective
packet and pull out arguments for or against dropping the
atomic bomb. Then answer the following questions.
1. Describe the events leading up to the bombing of
Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
1.
2.
3.
2.
3.
4.
What was happening in the war?
What was happening in the U.S.?
What was happening in Japan?
If you were the president in 1945, would you have used the
atomic bomb on Japan?
What was the justification for using the bomb and killing so
many people?
What were the effects of the bomb in the cities of Nagasaki
and Hiroshima in the days and years following its
detonation?