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World War II Fighting in Europe 1939-41 • blitzkrieg (lightning war) conquered Poland (4 weeks) – used armored tanks w/air support • French built concrete/steel fortifications called Maginot Line • May 1940- Germans attacked through Belgium/Luxembourg (Ardennes Forrest), took French/British by surprise • Germans trapped Allied forces around Dunkirk (on coast) – British navy evacuated them • June 22, 1940- France signed armistice – Germany directly controlled most of France, set up puppet gov’t called Vichy to govern rest Maginot Line Dunkirk Battle of Britain • GB appealed to US, but US very isolationist • August 1940- Hitler began Battle of Britain by bombing British airfields, factories – British retaliated by bombing Berlin, Hitler so mad, switched from bombing military targets to bombing London • British rebuilt royal air force (RAF), gained control of airspace • Hitler attacked USSR – planned for Spring 1941, delayed till August • Germans successful, but Soviets pulled in, Germans unable to cope with Russian winter Battle of Britain Battle of Britain Warm Up 1/3/12 • 1. Read “London Blitz”, p. 839, and give at least 3 details about the Battle of Britain. • 2. Read “The Attack on Pearl Harbor” primary source, p. 841, and answer the two questions. • 3. Review: How did Neville Chamberlain’s policy towards Hitler differ from that of Winston Churchill? 4. Study for quiz from yesterday’s notes! Fighting in Asia 1941-42 • December 7, 1941- Japan attacked US at Pearl Harbor – Also attacked European colonies in SE Asia • Japanese thought American fleet in Pacific destroyed, US wouldn’t respond b/c weak – unified US on Allied side • Germany declared war on US • 1942 Japan controlled all of SE and East Asia – US surrenders The Philippines – Bataan Death March (Philippines)– US soldiers captured, beaten, marched to prison camp • (70,000 prisoners marched- not all US) Pearl Harbor Bataan Death March Fighting in Europe 1942-45 • US, GB, USSR put aside political differences to concentrate on war – Required unconditional surrender from Axis Powers – Stalin screaming for US, GB to open front v. Axis Powers • 1942- Rommel “desert fox,” Afrika Korps controlled Egypt • hoped to cut off oil • British forces stopped Rommel – battle of El-Alamein • Nov. 1942-Feb. 1943- Battle of Stalingrad – Germany invaded b/c major industrial center – Russians counter attacked, Germany’s best army lost surrendered El Alamein and Rommel Battle of Stalingrad Battle of Stalingrad • Read “The Battle of Stalingrad” on p. 846848. • 1. Why was the Battle of Stalingrad a turning point in the European Theater of WWII? • 2. What was the significance of attacking Stalingrad? • 3. What did the Germans lack as the battle neared an end? • 4. How many Soviet lives were lost? • 5. What was Hitler’s position on surrender? Turning Point in Western Europe • D-Day June 6, 1944 Allies landed at Normandy beach – commanded by Dwight Eisenhower • Allies freed Paris- August 1944 – into Germany- March 1945 – resistance fighters joined Allies • April 1945- Soviets entered Berlin first • Hitler at Eagle’s Nest – committed suicide April 30, 1945 • German commanders surrendered May 7, 1945 called V-E Day (victory in Europe) D-Day D-Day V-E Day Fighting in Asia 1942-45 • turning point in Pacific Battle of Midway 6/4/42 – decisive defeat for Japan • Allied strategy “island-hopping” push Japanese back to Japan – Allies won major battles at Iwo Jima, Okinawa • FDR died- April 1945 • Truman became president, use atomic bomb? – (Manhattan Project) • Truman decided to use the bombs – dropped one on Hiroshima on August 6, 1945; Japan didn’t surrender – US dropped other bomb on Nagasaki a few days later • Japan surrendered August 14, 1945 called V-J day (victory over Japan) The atomic bomb was not just for Japan, but also to send a message to the Soviets of new US capabilities in the future. Battle of Midway Nagasaki V-J Day