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Fighting World War II Chapter 24 Sections 2 and 3 Americans Mobilize for War Atlantic Charter – Winston Churchill (Great Britain) and FDR (America) – Set foundation for the United Nations The GI War Diversity in the Armed Forces – Navajo code talkers – Af. Am; Mex. Am, Jap. Women in the Armed Forces; support positions primarily Fighting in North Africa and Italy The Battle of the Atlantic – Convoy system – U-boat “wolf packs” The North Africa Campaign – German General Erwin “Desert Fox” Rommel – Casablanca Conference The Invasion of Italy – Patton takes Sicily – Mussolini overthrown – “Bloody Anzio” War in the Soviet Union The Germans Advance, 1941-1942 – 3.6 Million Germans advance into the Soviet Union – “Scorched earth” policy – Stalin begs for support The Battle of Stalingrad – Russian army takes advantage of Russian winter – Red Army launches an assault – Turning point of the war in the east The Invasion of Western Europe The Air War – The RAF bomb Germany Carpet bombing – Allied bombing to soften Germany for an invasion Preparation for Invasion – Buildup of troops in England – Coast of France prepares for war D-Day (June 6, 1944) – Largest landing force in history invade Normandy Battle of the Bulge – American forces move into western Germany – Nazi counterattack in Dec. 1944 – General Patton brings reinforcements and U.S. stops German advance – Last chance for Germany to hold off Allies and defend homeland War Ends in Europe The Soviets Advance – Move on Berlin U.S. moves from west Soviets move from east – Eastern front – Soviets take Berlin in April 1945 Germany Surrenders – Hitler commits suicide on May 1, 1945 – Germany surrenders on May 8, 1945 V-E Day (Victory in Europe Day) The Yalta Conference – Stalin, Churchill, and FDR (the big three) – Split Germany – Stalin promised to enter war in the Pacific The War in the Pacific The Japanese Advance – Clark Field – The Philippines Fall General Macarthur forced to escape – “I will return” Bataan Death March – The Battle of Coral Sea First aircraft carrier battle in history Prevented Japanese assault on Australia Allied Victories Turn the Tide – The Battle of Midway Japan tries to lure rest of U.S. fleet Japan loses all 4 aircraft carriers – The Battle of Guadalcanal 11,000 marines fight Japan in the jungles The War in the Pacific (cont.) Struggle for the Islands – Island-Hopping U.S. trying to get closer to Japan – The Philippines Campaign Macarthur – “I have returned” Battle of Leyte Gulf – Kamikazes – Japan loses most of its navy Iwo Jima and Okinawa – Iwo Jima 25,000 Japanese hold off 110,000 marines for over a month – Okinawa Kamikaze and banzai fighters Bloody victory Winning the Pacific The Manhattan Project – secret project to develop an atomic bomb – Albert Einstein/Enrico Fermi Jewish physicist Told FDR of capabilities of nuclear weapons – July 16, 1945, 1st nuclear bomb tested in New Mexico The Decision to Drop the Bomb Harry S. Truman Japan Surrenders – August 6, 1945 “Little Boy” dropped on Hiroshima – August 9, 1945 “Fat Man” dropped on Nagasaki – August 15, 1945 V-J Day (Victory in Japan Day) Sept. 2, 1945 official surrender