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SECTION 1 - DICTATORS
1. SOVIET UNION - STALIN
TOTALITARIAN RULE
COMMUNISM
GOALS:
-MODERNIZE
FARMING
-INDUSTRIALIZATION
METHOD OF ACHIEVING GOALS
= PURGES (REMOVING
ENEMIES OR OTHER
UNDESRIABLES FROM POWER)
STALIN’S REIGN OF TERROR
THE GREAT PURGE
7 MILLION ARRESTED
1 MILLION EXECUTED
OTHERS SENT LABOR CAMPS
2. ITALY - MUSSOLINI
-TOTALITARIAN RULE
-LEADER OF THE
FASCIST PARTY IL DUCE- “THE
LEADER”
-BLACKSHIRTS
USED TO BRING
THOSE WHO OPPOSED UNDER
CONTROL
-MUSSOLINI APPOINTED
PRIME MINISTER 1922
-ITALY HAS MANY STRIKES
AND RIOTS AFTER WWI
-MUSSOLINI SUSPENDS
ELECTIONS AND OUTLAWS ALL
OTHER POLITICAL PARTIES =
DICTATORSHIP
3. GERMANY - HITLER
TOTALITARIAN RULE
NAZISM
HITLER’S RISE TO POWER
-ENRAGED BY VERSAILLES TREATY
(WAR GUILT CLAUSE)
-1919 HITLER JOINS NAZI PARTY
(NATIONAL SOCIALIST GERMAN
WORKER’S PARTY)
-SPENT 9 MONTHS IN PRISON FOR
TRYING TO OVERTHROW THE
GERMAN GOVERNMENT- WRITES
MEIN KAMPF in 1923
-HITLER PROMISES RELIEF FROM
HARD ECONOMIC TIMES
-1932 NAZI PARTY LARGEST PARTY
IN REICHSTAG (LOWER HOUSE OF
GERMAN PARLIAMENT)
- HITLER PLACED 2ND TO VON
HINDENBURG IN PRESIDENTIAL
ELECTION
-1933 - VON HINDENBURG NAMES
HITLER CHANCELLOR
-SUSPENDS FREEDOM OF SPEECH
AND FREEDOM OF PRESS
-STORM TROOPERS OR
BROWNSHIRTS SILENCED THOSE
WHO OPPOSED HITLER
-MARCH 1933 ENABLING BILL
GIVES HITLER DICTATORIAL
POWERS
-1934 HINDENBURG DIES HITLER
BECOMES CHANCELLOR AND
PRESIDENT
-SELF TITLED
DER FUHRER (“THE LEADER”)
GERMANY REARMS:
-REARMED AND EXPANDED ARMED
FORCES
-HITLER SAW EXPANSION AS A WAY TO
BRING NATIONAL PRIDE AND
COMPETE WITH OTHER COUNTRIES
-MAIN GOAL BECAME CONQUEST
TERRITORY
(LEBENSRAUM - LIVING SPACE)
-MARCH 1936 GERMAN TROOPS
ENTER THE RHINELAND
“THE COUNTRY IS NOTHING
WITHOUT CONQUEST”
-1935 ITALY INVADES AFRICAN
KINGDOM OF ETHIOPIA.
-1936 HITLER AND MUSSOLINI
FORM AN ALLIANCE “AXIS”
BETWEEN ROME AND BERLIN
-HITLER BEGAN TO PRESS
AUSTRIA FOR ANSCHLUSS
(UNION WITH GERMANY)
-AFTER AUSTRIAN DENIAL
GERMANY SENDS IN TROOPS
ANYWAY
-WHERE NEXT?
-HITLER TURNS TO THE
SUDETENLAND, (CZECH.)
- CZECH GOVT. SAYS NO TO
DEMAND.
IN STEPS BRITAIN/ FRANCE. A
MEETING IS CALLED.
RESULT: MUNICH AGREEMENT
GERMANY RECEIVES THE
SUDETENLAND IN EXCHANGE
HITLER PROMISES NOT TO
ADVANCE AGAIN. (1938)
- NEVILLE CHAMBERLAIN
“PEACE IN OUR TIME”
- 6 MONTHS AFTER ANNEXING
THE SUDETENLAND - HITLER
TOOK THE WESTERN HALF OF
CZECHOSLOVAKIA AND
DIVIDED THE REST OF THE
COUNTRY AMONG HIS ALLIES
-ITALY INVADED AND
OCCUPIED ALBANIA
SPANISH CIVIL WAR
-FRANCISCO FRANCO LED A
GROUP CALLED THE
NATIONALISTS
-GERMANY AND
ITALY BACKED
FRANCO
-SOVIET UNION
BACKED THE
REPUBLICANS
SECTION 2- EUROPE GOES TO
WAR
-BRITAIN
ABANDONS
APPEASEMENT
WINSTON
CHURCHILL
PRIME MIN.
AFTER TAKING CZECH., HITLER
WARNED ABOUT
“FURTHER EXPANSION” OR WAR
-1939 BRITAIN AND FRANCE
PLEDGE SUPPORT TO POLAND
WHY DOES HITLER NEED TO
CUT A DEAL WITH STALIN
BEFORE DEALING WITH
FRANCE AND GREAT BRITAIN?
-NAZI GERMANY AND
COMMUNIST SOVIET UNION
MAKE A DEAL
-AUGUST 1939 SIGNED A SOVIET
“NON-AGGRESSION” PACT
-SEPTEMBER 1, 1939 HITLER
INVADES POLAND
-BRITAIN AND FRANCE
DECLARE WAR ON GERMANY
SEPT. 3, 1939
-GERMANY USES NEW FORM OF
ATTACK :
BLITZKRIEG
OR
“LIGHTNING WAR”
STUKA
PANZERS
-POLAND DEFEATED IN LESS
THAN A MONTH
-RUSSIA GIVEN EASTERN
POLAND
SO WHERE TO NEXT IF YOU’RE
HITLER?
-BRITISH / FRENCH TROOPS
WAITING
-GERMAN TROOPS WAITING
FOR ORDERS
-NICKNAMED “SITZKRIEG” (SITDOWN WAR)
WHAT’S GOING TO SAVE
FRANCE? MAGINOT LINE
APRIL 9, 1940 GERMANY MAKES A
MOVE:
-DENMARK /NORWAY FALL
-MAY 1940 NETHERLANDS ,
BELGIUM, LUXEMBOURG FALL
-AND NOW GERMANY IS FACING
FRANCE.
GERMANY ATTACKS FRANCE
FRENCH /BRITISH TROOPS CUT IN
HALF & PUSHED ALL THE WAY TO THE
ENGLISH CHANNEL.
OVER THE NEXT 9 DAYS ON THE
BEACH BY DUNKIRK THE GREATEST
RESCUE OF ALL TIME
CIVILIAN FLEET OF 900 VESSELS
FERRY 340,000 soldiers BACK TO
BRITAIN
340,000 MEN SIT ON THE BEACH
WAITING FOR RESCUE.
900 BRITISH VESSELS RESCUED
THESE SOLDIERS FROM THE
GERMAN BLITZKRIEG.
-HITLER’S TROOPS TURN
SOUTH.
-JUNE 14, 1940 GERMAN
TROOPS ENTERED PARIS.
-JUNE 22, 1940 1.5 MILLION
SOLDIERS & FRENCH GOVT.
SURRENDERED.
SURRENDER TERMS:
FRANCE SPLIT
INTO 2 PARTS:
NORTHERN
HALF – GERMAN
CONTROLLED
SOUTHERN HALF- FRENCH
GOVT. CONTROLLED CALLED
VICHY FRANCE.
-VICHY FRANCE ADOPTED A POLICY
OF COLLABORATION.
-IN ENGLAND: FREE FRENCH
MOVEMENT CREATED BY FRENCH
GENERAL CHARLES DE GAULLE
“RESISTANCE” GROUP CONSISTED
OF FRENCH CITIZENS.
THE BATTLE OF BRITAIN OR
“THE BLITZ”
-20 MILES AWAY FROM FRANCE
STOOD HITLER’S LAST ENEMY;
GREAT BRITAIN.
-GERMANY DECIDED TO USE THE
LUFTWAFFE
TO DESTROY BRITAIN, NOT INVASION.
GREATEST AIR ASSAULT
BEGAN CONCENTRATED
ATTACK AUG. – SEPT. 1940
-FRUSTRATED HITLER ORDERS
MASSIVE BOMBING STRIKES
INCLUDING FIREBOMBS ON
LONDON & OTHER CITIES..
-INTERMITTENT BOMBING
LASTED TILL MAY 1941
20,000 BRITISH DEAD
70,000 WOUNDED
HEROES :
THE BRITISH ROYAL AIR FORCE
(RAF) FLIES OUT TO MEET THE
GERMAN BOMBERS 6 TO 7 TIMES A
DAY.
“NEVER IN THE FIELD OF
HUMAN CONFLICT WAS SO
MUCH OWED BY SO MANY TO
SO FEW.”
SECTION 3- JAPAN BUILDS AN
EMPIRE
1920’S - RECESSIONS HIT JAPAN
- TRADE DEFICIT ECONOMY IN
TROUBLE: STRIKES, LAYOFFS,
ANGRY CITIZENS
-MILITARY UPSET: ARMY &
NAVY BOTH DOWNSIZED
1930’S: JAPAN HITS
POPULATION BOOM, MILLION
MORE EACH YEAR JAPAN
LACKS NATURAL RESOURCES
SEPT. 1931 JAPANESE ARMY
MOVED IN TO MANCHURIA
FEB. 1932 MANCHURIA
CAPTURED.
-JAPAN PLANNED ON USING
MANCHURIA AS A BASE FOR
FURTHER ASIAN ATTACKS.
-1937 ENTERS CHINA, BEIJING
FALLS, FRENCH INDOCHINA
FALLS IN 1940
-MEANWHILE IN THE U.S.
CONGRESS PASSES
NEUTRALITY ACTS.
-EUROPEAN WAR KEPT OTHERS
TO BUSY TO BOTHER WITH
JAPAN. SO JAPAN LOOKED
TOWARDS THE DUTCH EAST
INDIES. (OIL & RUBBER)
-SEPT. 1940 JAPAN ALLIED
W/GERMANY & ITALY.
TRIPARTITE PACT CREATED.
ROME-BERLIN-TOKYO AXIS.
SECTION 4- ISOLATIONISM TO
WAR
-NEUTRALITY ACTS KEPT THE
U.S. OUT OF WAR.
-F.D.R. SAID THE ACTS CREATED
AGGRESSION.
-AFTER POLAND FELL F.D.R.
ASKED TO REVISE NEUTRALITY
-SOON WEAPONS WERE
SAILING TO FRANCE /BRITAIN.
-FRANCE FELL, GREAT BRITAIN
ONLY THING BETWEEN US &
THE GERMANS.
-SENT 50 DESTROYERS TO
BRITAIN.
ELECTION 1940
ROOSEVELT
DEMOCRAT
W. WILKIE
REPUBLICAN
449 VS. 82 ELECTORAL VOTES
-1940 CHURCHILL INFORMS
F.D.R. BRITAIN IS BROKE.
ROOSEVELT CREATED THE
LEND – LEASE ACT.
-1941 GERMANY SURPRISES
RUSSIA AND INVADES.
-U.S. WILL BY THE END OF THE
WAR, LOAN OR GIVE AWAY $49
BILLION WORTH OF AID TO 40
NATIONS.
JAPAN ATTACKS:
-JULY 1940 F.D.R. ISSUES
SANCTIONS AGAINST JAPAN.
STOPS THE SALE OF
STEEL/SCRAP IRON.
-NEXT, ROOSEVELT FROZE
JAPANESE ASSETS IN THE U.S.
THEN CUT OIL SHIPMENTS TO
JAPAN.
1941- GENERAL HIDEKI TOJO
BECOMES PRIME MINISTER,
WHO SUPPORTS WAR AGAINST
THE U.S.
NOV. 1941 U.S.
MILITARY CRACKS
THE JAPANESE
CODE.
-AMERICAN LEADERS KNEW
JAPANESE AIRCRAFT CARRIERS
WERE MOVING IN THE PACIFIC.
BUT DIDN’T KNOW WHERE
THEY WERE GOING.
-6 CARRIERS + 20 OTHER SHIPS
MOVING TO PEARL HARBOR.
RESULT: LESS THAN 2 HOURS,
2,400 AMERICANS DEAD
1,200 WOUNDED
200 WARPLANES
DAMAGED/DESTROYED
18 WARSHIPS GONE, 8 OF THE
FLEET’S 9 BATTLESHIPS.
DEC. 8, 1941 FDR CALLS FOR
WAR, CONGRESS PASSES THE
WAR RESOLUTION.