* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download WWII Notes ppt - Northwest ISD Moodle
Appeasement wikipedia , lookup
World War II by country wikipedia , lookup
Swedish iron-ore mining during World War II wikipedia , lookup
Aftermath of World War II wikipedia , lookup
Technology during World War II wikipedia , lookup
Consequences of the attack on Pearl Harbor wikipedia , lookup
Allied Control Council wikipedia , lookup
Western betrayal wikipedia , lookup
Allied plans for German industry after World War II wikipedia , lookup
Nazi Germany wikipedia , lookup
New Order (Nazism) wikipedia , lookup
Foreign relations of the Axis powers wikipedia , lookup
Home front during World War II wikipedia , lookup
Consequences of Nazism wikipedia , lookup
Allies of World War II wikipedia , lookup
Economy of Nazi Germany wikipedia , lookup
European theatre of World War II wikipedia , lookup
Diplomatic history of World War II wikipedia , lookup
End of World War II in Europe wikipedia , lookup
World War II Germany gets much of the blame for the start of WWII… Although WWI ended in 1918, many Germans felt the terms of the Treaty of Versailles were unfair. - Germany was forbidden to have submarines or an air force - Germany lost territory in Europe - Germany had to pay reparations (damages) to other countries WWI Effects on Germany… Germany was in an economic downfall between WWI and WWII. The Treaty of Versailles forced Germany to bear the entire costs of World War I. The Germans had to pay the reparations to France, England and all of the other allied powers.. This crippled Germany’s economy and massive inflation meant that it was cheaper to burn money than firewood for cooking….this would all lead to the rise of a new leader in Germany. Adolf Hitler came to power during this time. He and his Nazi Party used propaganda techniques to give the Germans someone to blame for the political and economic troubles German citizens were facing. Adolf Hitler was an extreme nationalist, meaning that he thought his nation (Austria/Germany) was the best on the planet and that all other nations were inferior. He dreamed of creating a new empire with “vast living space” for the German people. To accomplish this, he built the most powerful military force in Europe The Jewish people became scapegoats for all of Germany’s problems. Hitler and his Nazi party believed in biological racism and antiSemitism…they believed in conspiracy theories that regarded the Jews as capitalists and materialistic, and claimed that they had deliberately made Germany lose World War 1 by causing labor strikes and revolution on the home front. Hitler also claimed that the Jews had deliberately caused the Great Depression. Worst of all, some of these conspiracy theories claimed that the Jews were seeking world domination and were therefore in competition with Germany's bid to dominate the world. Hitler’s plan to deal with the Jewish people would become known as his “final solution of the Jewish question…” Start of WWII in Europe • September 1, 1939, Germany invades Poland and makes it look like they were provoked. • Hitler (Germany) was trying to take back land lost to Poland after WWI. • France and Great Britain, who were allies with Poland, declare war on Germany on September 3, 1939. • Much like WWI, the U.S. wants to remain isolationists and stay out of war… Pearl Harbor - 1941 • With the war in Europe grabbing headlines, tensions were rising between Japan and the U.S. • Background: Japan had invaded present day Vietnam, so the U.S. stopped all trade with Japan. Japan needed oil from America for their war effort. • On December 7, 1941, Japan launches a surprise attack on the U.S. Naval fleet anchored at the Hawaiian island of Oahu. • Aboard the USS Oklahoma, loudspeakers blared out: “Real planes, real bombs; this is no drill!” The Oklahoma sank almost immediately and all 415 men aboard drowned. Pearl Harbor Continued… • The attack brought the U.S. into World War II. • At the time of the Pearl Harbor attack, there were 96 ships anchored. During the attack, 18 were sunk or seriously damaged, including eight battleships. There were 2,402 American men killed and 1,280 injured. Three hundred and fifty aircraft were destroyed or damaged… The U.S. Declares War on Japan December 8, 1941 The next day, December 8, 1941, FDR spoke to a shocked nation. Within an hour of his address, Congress declared war on Japan. With the declaration of war on Japan, and a few days later, on Germany, the U.S. would begin the largest manufacturing initiative in human history. This created jobs and helped pull America out of the Great Depression. The U.S. manufacturing strength gave the United States and the Allies an upper hand in the war… Effects on U.S. and Texas The industrial boom that followed the official U.S. entry into the war had several effects… • Texas economy moved more toward industrialization (manufacturing) instead of farming/agriculture. • There was an increase in industrial jobs nationwide, and Texas enjoyed full employment. • Much oil was required to fuel the allies machinery and weapons…Texas delivered “Rosie the Riveter” During WWII, women had to take on non-traditional roles and jobs (social change) to support the troops overseas as well as help maintain working conditions in the U.S. “Rosie the Riveter” was a woman who became a national symbol of that time. She represented economic and social change. From WWII on, women had a permanent place in the workforce in Texas and the United States. Women Workers • The term "Rosie the Riveter" was first used in 1942 in a song that was recorded by numerous artists and became a national hit. The song portrays "Rosie" as a tireless assembly line worker, doing her part to help the American war effort. • Although women took on male dominated trades during World War II, they were expected to return to their everyday housework once men returned from the war. • Government campaigns targeting women were addressed solely at housewives, One government advertisement asked women "Can you use an electric mixer? If so, you can learn to operate a drill." • "Rosie the Riveter" inspired a social movement that increased the number of working American women from 12 million to 20 million by 1944, By 1944 only 1.7 million unmarried men between the ages of 20 and 34 worked in the defense industry, while 4.1 million unmarried women between those ages did so. Allied Powers • U.S., Great Britain, France, Soviet Union, and China Other Allies included Belgium, Brazil, Czechoslovakia, Ethiopia, Greece, India (as part of the British Empire), Mexico, the Netherlands, Norway, Canada, and Yugoslavia. (Winston Churchill, Great Britain – F.D.R., USA - & Joseph Stalin, Russia) Axis Powers • Germany, Japan, Italy Flags of Germany, Japan, and Italy, in Berlin (September 1940) D-Day (Invasion Day) – June 6, 1944 • Marked the beginning of the Allied invasion of western Europe. • Allied forces invaded German occupied France on June 6, 1944, along the beaches of Normandy in northern France. • Allied forces commanded by General Dwight D. Eisenhower • The D-Day invasion was the largest combined land-sea-air operation in history. The Allied invasion included: • 176,000 troops • 5,000 ships and landing craft • 50,000 vehicles • 11,000 planes WWII in Europe Ends The final battles of the European Theatre of World War II as well as the German surrender to the Western Allies and the Soviet Union took place in late April and early May 1945. War with Germany was over but war with Japan continued. Japan was losing but had the mentality of ‘fight til the end.’ At the Potsdam Conference Japan was warned by the U.S. and China on July 26, 1945 to surrender or face “prompt and utter destruction". Japan ignored the ultimatum, the U.S. bombed Hiroshima on August 6. Japan still did not surrender and so Nagasaki was bombed on August 9. Japan then surrendered on August 15th – describing the weapon as “a new and most cruel bomb.“ Afterwards images and depictions of the effects of the bombs were censored by the U.S. government. A likely reason for the banning was that the images depicting burn victims and funeral pyres were similar to the widely circulated images taken in liberated Nazi concentration camps. Hiroshima • U.S. dropped a nuclear bomb “Little Boy” on August 6, 1945, on the city of Hiroshima in Japan. • The blast destroyed everything within a 1 mile radius of the impact point. Radiation poisoning would follow • Killed more than 100,000 people over the course of a few months. Atomic Bomb – Japan, 1945 Nagasaki • U.S. dropped the second nuclear bomb “Fat Man” on the city of Nagasaki in Japan on August 9, 1945. • Killed between 60,000-80,000 people. • Japan surrendered 6 days later to the Allies. WWII Over • WWII ended on September 2, 1945, with Japan signing the surrender on the U.S.S. Missouri in Tokyo Bay. • WWII resulted in the downfall of Europe as a center of world power and led to the rise of the U.S. and Russia as super powers. This set up conditions for both the US-USSR cold war and the nuclear age WWII Interesting Facts and Statistics • There were between 50 and 70 million casualties in WWII. More than 80% came from 4 countries: Russia, China, Germany, and Poland. More than ½ of these were civilians, most of whom were women and children • William Hitler, a nephew of Adolf Hitler, was in the U.S. Navy during WWII. He changed his name after the war and also wrote an article called “Why I Hate My Uncle” • The Nazis killed millions of Polish people, but they thought that some Polish babies looked German and kidnapped about 50,000 to be adopted by German parents & become “Germanized • Hitler kept a framed photo of Henry Ford, founder of the Ford Motor Company, on his desk. • Before Nazi Germany decided to eliminate the Jews by gassing them, it had considered sending them to the island of Madagascar. • If it became necessary to drop a third atom bomb on Japan, the next target was Tokyo… • In 1938, Hitler was Time magazine’s man of the year • More than 650,000 Jeeps were built during WWII. American factories also produced 300,000 military aircraft; 89,000 tanks; 3 million machine guns; and 7 million rifles