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WWII- Important People and Terms
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1.
22nd Amendment:
A president can only have 2 terms in office
2.
Adolf Hitler:
Austrian-born founder of the German Nazi Party and chancellor of the Third Reich (1933-1945). His fascist philosophy, embodied in Mein
Kampf (1925-1927), attracted widespread support, and after 1934 he ruled as an absolute dictator. Hitler's pursuit of aggressive
nationalist policies resulted in the invasion of Poland (1939) and the subsequent outbreak of World War II. His regime was infamous for
the extermination of millions of people, especially European Jews. He committed suicide when the collapse of the Third Reich was
imminent (1945).
3.
Allied Powers (WWII):
USA, Britain, France, Soviet Union, Canada and many other countries worked together to defeat the Axis Powers during WWII
4.
Axis Powers(WWII):
5.
B-24:
Germany, Italy, and Japan worked together during World War II to try and defeat the Allied Powers
A kind of airplane, also known as the Liberator, used during WWII that was faster, could fly higher, and carry a heavier bomb load.
6.
Battle of the Bulge:
December, 1944-January, 1945 - After recapturing France, the Allied advance became stalled along the German border. In the winter of
1944, Germany staged a massive counterattack in Belgium and Luxembourg which pushed a 30 mile "bulge" into the Allied lines. The
Allies stopped the German advance and threw them back across the Rhine with heavy losses.
7.
Benito Mussolini:
Italian dictator who killed many millions of people during World War II, friend of Adolf Hitler
8.
Blitzkrieg:
A German term for "lightning war," blitzkrieg is a military tactic designed to create disorganization among enemy forces through the use
of mobile forces and locally concentrated firepower. Its successful execution results in short military campaigns, which preserves human
lives and limits the expenditure of artillery.
9.
Captain America:
Captain America was the alter ego of Steve Rogers(created by Stan Lee), a frail young man who was enhanced to the peak of human
perfection by an experimental serum in order to aid the United States war effort.The Cap was a WWII hero that was preserved after
crashing into an ice capsule. Captain America wears a costume that bears an American flag motif, and is armed with an indestructible
shield that can be thrown as a weapon. When restored he was one of the key members of the Avengers.
10.
Causes of WWII:
1. Treaty of Versailles - Germany not happy with War guilt cause
2. World Wide Depression- lack of money for all involved in WWI
3. Axis powers: Germany, Italy, Japan. Hitler creates treaty with Stalin(non-aggression pact) 1931-japan invades Manchuria 1933-Hitler
comes to power
4. 1939-Hitler invades Poland, Austria, and Czechoslovakia, (this causes Britain and France to declare war on Germany) Prior to this,
Germany had been allowed to take over Austria and Czechoslovakia because Great Britain and France wanted to appease Hitler since
we wanted to take land back that was lost in the Treaty of Versailles.
5. Failure of League of Nations
6. December 7, 1941- Pearl Harbor, US pulled into the war when the Japanese bomb the naval fleet->Germany declares was on US
because they are allies with Japan
11.
Concentration Camps:
prison camps used under the rule of Hitler in Nazi Germany. Conditions were inhuman, and prisoners, mostly Jewish people, were
generally starved or worked to death, or killed immediately.
12.
D-Day:
(FDR) , June 6, 1944, 160,000 Allied troops landed along a 50-mile stretch of heavily-fortified French coastline to fight Nazi Germany on the
beaches of Normandy, France. General Dwight D. Eisenhower called the operation a crusade in which "we will accept nothing less than
full victory." More than 5,000 Ships and 13,000 aircraft supported the D-Day invasion, and by day's end on June 6, the Allies gained a
foot- hold in Normandy.
13.
Emperor Hirohito:
At the start of his reign, Japan was still a fairly rural country with a limited industrial base. Japan's militarization of in the 1930's eventually
led to Japan's invasion in China and involvement in WW2.
14.
Fascism:
A political system based on militarism, extreme nationalism, and blind loyalty to the state and its leader.
15.
Franklin D. Roosevelt:
Often referred to by his initials FDR, was the thirty-second President of the United States. Elected to four terms in office, he served from
1933 to 1945, and is the only U.S. president to have served more than two terms of office. He was a central figure of the 20th century
during a time of worldwide economic crisis and WWII.
16.
General Dwight D Eisenhower:
leader of the Allied forces in Europe during WW2--leader of troops in Africa and commander in DDay invasion-elected presidentpresident during integration of Little Rock Central High School
17.
Harlem Renaissance:
Black literary and artistic movement centered in Harlem that lasted from the 1920s into the early 1930s that both celebrated and
lamented black life in America; Langston Hughes and Zora Neale Hurston were two famous writers of this movement.
18.
Harry Truman:
19.
Hitler's rise to power:
President of the United States who ended World War II by dropping atomic bombs on Nagasaki and Hiroshma in Japan
he tried to forcefully take power (beer hall putsch), he failed and was thrown in jail. In jail he wrote Mein Kampf. After jail he returned to
the Nazi party and he began speaking publicly about his beliefs and what he would do to help Germany. People found him to be the
best option for a leader and elected Hitler. Hitler's dictatorship lasted for 12 years
20.
Holocaust:
A methodical plan orchestrated by Hitler to ensure German supremacy. It called for the elimination of Jews, non-conformists,
homosexuals, non-Aryans, and mentally and physically disabled.
21.
Jesse Owens:
famous African American Olympis Athlete who ran in 1936 infront of Adolf Hitler
22.
Joseph Stalin:
23.
Lend-Lease Program:
leader of the Soviet Union during World War II, was a dictator
Act of 1941 that permitted the US to led or lease arms and other supplies to the Allies, signifying an increasing likelihood of American
involvement in WWII
24.
Manhattan Project:
Code name for the U.S. effort during World War II to produce the atomic bomb. Much of the early research was done in New York City by
refugee physicists in the United States.
25.
Nuremberg Trials:
A series of court proceedings held in Nuremberg, Germany, after World War II, in which Nazi leaders were tried for aggression, violations
of the rules of war, and crimes against humanity.
26.
Pacific Theatre:
The fighting in World War II in the Pacific. This consisted of island hopping as the United States fought against Japan. US uses Iwo Jima and
Okinawa as stepping stones to Japan then they drop the atomic bomb.
27.
Rationing:
Taking items that are in short supply and distributing them according to a system. For instance, during World War II, gas, sugar, and
butter were a few of the items rationed in the United States.
28.
Rosie the Riveter:
29.
Superman:
fictional character created by the United States
The most recognized superhero in pop culture, Superman has been elevated to mythic folkhero status. Rocketed to Earth from the dying
planet Krypton, baby Kal-El was found by a farming couple who named the boy Clark Kent and raised him as their own. Discovering his
enormous powers, they instilled in him strong moral values—and inspired him to become a hero. Helped to boost troop morale in WWII
by fighting Nazi's and Nazi like characters in his comics.
30.
Tuskegee Airmen:
African American pilots who protected World War II bombers as they flew over Africa during the war. They never lost any planes they
were protecting.
31.
United Nations:
created after World War II to stop future wars from happening
An international organization whose stated aims are to facilitate co-operation in international law, international security, economic
development, social progress and human rights issues. It was founded in 1945 at the signing of the United Nations Charter by 50
countries, replacing the League of Nations, founded in 1919.
32.
V-E Day:
May 8, 1945; victory in Europe Day when the Germans surrendered
33.
V-J Day:
"Victory over Japan day" is the celebration of the Surrender of Japan, which was initially announced on August 15, 1945
34.
Winston Churchill:
British Prime Minster during World War II, created the term "Iron Curtain" to describe the dividing line between communism and
democracy in Europe
35.
Yalta Conference:
Meeting between Churchill, FDR, and Stalin; acceptance of the UN, free elections in Poland, Allied "zones of occupation" in Germany, and
USSR received Japanese territory.