Download Ch. 24 Between the Wars

Ch. 24 The World Between
Wars
Standard 7
POST-WAR STRUGGLES
Large scale disagreement continued over
the terms of the Treaty of Versailles
Germany angered by War Guilt Clause &
Political/Military limitations
US refused to ratify due to harsh terms
The Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928) outlawed
war & encouraged the powerful nations
to disarm but had no power to stop war
The League of Nations was weak
because they had no real power to
intervene in conflicts
ECONOMIC STRUGGLE
• 1929 Stock Market Crash launches the Great Depression
• Blamed on overproduction, over extension of credit
• Trade, reparations link world economies together, resulting in spread of
depression
NEW LEADERSHIP
• People began to turn to strong leaders
in the hopes of solving the problems
of political & economic turmoil
• Franklin Roosevelt (FDR) elected US
President in 1932.
• New Deal – jobs and relief programs to
help the economic crisis
• Social Security, FDIC, CCC
• Didn’t end the Depression but helped
people cope with economic troubles
THE SOVIET UNION
Joseph Stalin took power in the Soviet
Union after the death of V.I. Lenin.
Stalin implemented what he called
“five-year plans”
Collectivized farms & Centralized
factories
Resulted in food shortages, lower
production
Political purged sent opponents to
prison labor camps in Siberia
STALIN’S SOVIET UNION
• Stalin undertook to build a large
group of communist nations called
the Union of Soviet Socialist
Republics (USSR)
• Atheism (the belief that there is no
god) became the state policy.
Other religions were intimidated
into fleeing
RISE OF FASCISM
Some countries turned to fascism
Rights and needs of the individual are
put behind those of the state
In Italy, Benito Mussolini gathered
his followers into combat squads
called Black Shirts
Attacked government officials but
gained public support
Threatened to march on Rome and
launch revolt
1922 King Victor Emmanuel III
appointed Mussolini Prime Minister
to avoid rebellion
ITALIAN FASCISM
• Mussolini brought the economy under state
control & helped improve government services
• Propaganda urged people to defer their goals
to the state’s goals
HITLER & NAZI GERMANY
Germany’s Weimar Republic was weak and ineffective
Many political parties competed for control
Poor economic conditions were made worse by reparations payments
With the start of the depression, inflation skyrocketed ($1 = 1.3 T RM)
The National Socialist German Workers Party (Nazis) argued that
Germany had been stabbed in the back by its weak leaders
 Formed groups of SA troops to fight communists and others in the
streets
HITLER & NAZI GERMANY
• Charismatic speaker Adolf Hitler led the party
• 1923 Beer Hall Putsch failed in attempt to overthrow government
• Hitler served a year in prison, wrote Mein Kampf, setting out goals of the
Nazi party
• Based on racism, fierce nationalism & anti-Semitism
HITLER & NAZI GERMANY
After close elections, Hitler was appointed chancellor in 1933
President Hindenburg’s death and the Reichstag fire allow Hitler to
combine the powers of government into a single office: Furher
Hitler controlled opposition though SS troops & secret police (the
Gestapo).
Hitler & Nazi Germany
He undertook a systematic plan to rebuild Germany
through public works
Built the autobahn super highway system through Germany
Built a new capital at Berlin
Planned expansion into neighboring countries for lebensraum
(living space)
Also planned a wholesale elimination of Jews, Communists,
handicapped, and other minorities that spoiled the “Aryan”
race