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• WWII – Reparations WWII • The rise of Dictators – Totalitarianism – a government that exerts total control over a nation. – Fascism – emphasis on the importance of a nation or ethnic group with a supreme leader. – Stalin • Launched a five year plan towards communism after Lenin’s death. • Created collective farming / the plan was a failure. • It created economic hardships • He pursued a policy of increased industrialization. – Stalin • He began a policy of purging ( a process of removing the undesirables and enemies from power). – Benito Mussolini • Believe that the Treaty of Versailles should have granted Italy more territory. • Mussolini organized fascist groups throughout Italy • Italy’s economy improved under Mussolini. – Hitler’s Rise to Power • Greatly disagreed with the terms of the Versailles Treaty. • He joined the Nazi Party – “German nationalism & superiority.” • He tried to overthrow the German government and was sent to prison. • In prison he wrote the book “Mein Kampf,” (My Struggle). – Hitler’s Rise to Power • In prison he wrote the book “Mein Kampf,” (My Struggle). • “Mein Kampf” was an outline of Nazi philosophy, his views of Germany’s problems, and Hitler’s plan for the nation. • He blamed the Jews living within Germany for its defeat. • He defied the Versailles Treaty. • He proposed strengthening Germany’s military and expanding its borders. • He called for purifying the “Aryan Race.” This eventually lead to the holocaust. • Hitler became Chancellor – “Head of the German government.” – The Holocaust –The genocide of six million Jews • Anti-Semitism was the term used to describe the hostility, discrimination, and often violence directed at the Jews • Anti-Semetism was a continuation of the “nonAryan” (blond, blue-eyed Germans). • The Nazis created “death camps” to carry out the mass murders. • The Nuremburg Trials an international military tribunal created to try Nazi leaders for the mass murder of the Jews. – Hitler’s Rise to Power • After the president died Hitler became president and chancellor. • Hitler began building an army thereby causing Germany to recover from the depression. • Hitler began his expansion policy. • The Road to WWII – German troops entered the Rhineland, a region that German troops were banned from entering by the Versailles Treaty. – Britain & France did not react to this violation. – In 1936 Hitler allied with Mussolini under an agreement called the “axis.” – Japan joined and they became known as the “Axis Powers.” • The Road to WWII – – – – Hitler invaded Austria Hitler invaded Sudentenland Later he took western Czechoslovakia. The British prime minister tried to appease Hitler but appeasement did not work. – The Spanish Civil War • Germany & Italy provided planes, tanks, and soldiers to the Nationalists. • The Road to WWII – After the prime minister of Great Britain gave in to Hitler’s demand six months later he annexed Sudetenland. – The next month Italy invaded Albania. – Hitler signed a non-aggression pact with Stalin of the Soviet Union – September 1, 1939 Hitler invaded Poland. – Britain & France declare war on Germany. – The German “Blitzkreig” was released on Poland and they conquered Poland within one month.-- • The Road to WWII – April 9, 1940 Germany attacked Denmark & Norway. – June 10th Hitler turned on France. – August 1940 Hitler attacked Great Britain. – Japan joins the Axis Powers • Japan saw Manchuria as an answer to its problems of land and resource scarcity. • Japan’s army seized all of Manchuria and declared it a puppet state. – America Chose Neutrality • America became more involved in selling or lending war supplies to Great Britain. • Japan attacks Pearl harbor December 7, 1940 • America Declares war. • United States Declares War – In September 1940 (before Pearl Harbor) Congress authorized the first peacetime draft in the nation’s history. • The Selective Service Act –required all males ages 21-36 to register for military service. • Nearly 1 m African Americans joined but they were limited to supporting roles. – The war production efforts ended the massive unemployment of the 1930’s (The Great Depression). • America Declares War – Financing the War • Higher taxes • Bonds • America Joins the War – In August 1941 President Franklin and Prime Minister Winston Churchill met secretly and decided on eight principles to govern their alliance known as the Atlantic Charter • This charter formed the basis for the United Nations • America Joins the War – The Battle of the Atlantic December 1941 • America and Great Britain had to counter the attacks of German U-boats (submarines). – The Battle of North Africa • Great Britain defeated Germany and took control of North Africa – Invasion of Italy – July 1943 • U.S invaded Italy • Italy’s government surrendered in September 1943 • Germany’s army continued to fight but was defeated April 1945 • America Joins the War – War in the Soviet Union • Hitler broke his pact with Stalin and turned his attack east toward the Soviet Union. • The battle of Stalingrad Germany was defeated. – D-Day – Normandy (France) – – The Battle of the Bulge – the largest battle in Western Europe during WWII. • This battle defeated Germany. • Hitler committed suicide. • May 8, 1945 Germany surrendered. – The Yalta Conference - • War in the Pacific (“The Big Payback”) – Japan attacked Pearl harbor December 7, 1940 with the intent of gaining military control of the Western Pacific. – Japan attacks the Philippines April 1942 – Island Hopping – a strategy used to attack Japan’s territory. • Island Hopping – a strategy used to attack Japan’s territory. – The Battle of Midway became the turning point for Allied victory. • Americans sank four of Japan’s carriers. – The Battle of Guadalcanal became the first offensive strike for the Allies. – The Allies Retake the Philippines. – Iwo Jima & Okinawa – American gets closer and closer to Japan. • The Manhattan Project • The Manhattan Project – the development of the Atomic Bomb – Dropped on Hiroshima August 6, 1945 – Dropped on Nagasaki August 9, 1945. – Japan surrendered September 2, 1945 • War in the Pacific (“The Big Payback”) – Japan attacked Pearl harbor December 7, 1940 with the intent of gaining military control of the Western Pacific. – Japan attacks the Philippines April 1942 – The Battle of Midway became the turning point for Allied victory. • Americans sank four of Japan’s carriers. – The Battle of Guadalcanal became the first offensive strike for the Allies. – The Allies Retake the Philippines