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Chapter 34 WORLD DEPRESSION & WORLD WAR II WWII Vocabulary 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Fascism Benito Mussolini Civil Rights Totalitarianism Credit Financing Currency Devaluation Black Tuesday Tariffs Axis Appeasement 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. Munich Conference Maginot Line Winston Churchill Franklin D. Roosevelt Final Solution Holocaust D-Day Dwight D. Eisenhower Yalta Harry S. Truman World War II Map 1. France 2. Great Britain 3. Germany 4. Poland 5. Czechoslovakia 6. Italy 7. Soviet Union 8. French Indochina 9. Atlantic Ocean 10. India 11. Iraq 12. Syria 13. Manchuria 14. Japan 15. China 16. Philippines 17. Australia 18. Arabia 19. Egypt 20. Pacific Ocean The World Economy Broke Down Section I Page 636 1920s: Agricultural Prices Fell 1920s: Industrial Expansion on Credit United States Financial Crisis Impacts of World Depression World Depression Problem: The prosperity of a nation relied on other nations to buy their goods. No Nation •Possessed all materials needed •Produced all the goods its people wanted Pg. 639 – Which country was affected most by unemployment? Section 2: Page 640 AGGRESSION DESTROYED AN UNEASY PEACE Japan Italy takes over China takes over Ethiopia League of Nations condemned action, but did not use military force against Japan. Challenged the League of Nations Germany takes over Rhineland (France) Direct violation of the Treaty of Versailles Imperialism Grows! Japan, Italy and Germany attack. •Aggression challenges League of Nations •Democratic countries continue neutrality •Allowing aggressive behavior •Allowing dictators to rise Take Rhineland back Violated Treaty of Versailles Take Austria Take Sudetenland Take Czechoslovakia Take Poland Policy of Appeasement Felt Germans should self rule: No more land. Empty promise: Britain & France say no more! Makes pact w/ Russia. Takes Poland – WWII begins Germany’s up to NO GOOD! Hitler’s Goal: Control ALL of Europe Britain & France’s Goal: Avoid another war. •Follow Appeasement policy = Satisfy Hitler •Munich Conference = Hitler would not take more land Look at map Pg. 642 Axis Powers • Germany • Italy • Japan Neutral • Soviet Union (Nazi-Soviet Pact) • United States • Supplied materials to Allies • FDR will try to change isolation policy • 2 Ocean navy • Air force • Pass Selective Service Act Allied Powers • France • Great Britain Section 3: Pg. 645 TOTAL WAR ENGULFED THE WORLD Germans and Soviets conquer EASTERN EUROPE Attack Poland •Blitzkrieg = “lightning war” •Armored divisions & Luftwaffe (air force) •Took 3 weeks! Nazi-Soviet Pact •Stalin moved into •East Poland •Latvia •Lithuania •Estonia •Finnish occupations what will become satellite nations in 1941. Germany conquers Western Europe Invaded for the following reasons: •Resources •Belgium = Allowed Hitler to bypass Maginot Line •Forces France to surrender 1940 • Invade Denmark & Norway • Overrun Netherlands & Belgium • Winston Churchill becomes PM of Britain June 1940 • France surrenders • Hitler feels Britain will compromise for peace. • Britain defends itself April/May Axis Powers • Germany • Italy • Japan Neutral • Soviet Union (Nazi-Soviet Pact) • United States Land Conquered by Axis • Belgium • Poland • Netherlands • Latvia • France • Lithuania • Manchuria • Estonia • Egypt • Finish land around Stalingrad Allied Powers • France (Surrendered) • Great Britain • Belgium Hitler Conquers Balkans (Hungary, Romania & Bulgaria) 1941 Hitler invades Greece & Yugoslavia 1941 Hitler invades Soviet Union Germany v. Soviet Union?? • Japan Attacks – – – – – Dec. 7, 1941 Pearl Harbor Philippines (U.S. possession) Malaya (British colony) East Indies (Dutch colony) French Indochina • Attacked in order to create a Great Empire – Supply Japan with resources: • • • • • America Neutral! Oil Rubber Tin Rice Market for Japanese goods Only write BLUE statements. Axis Powers • Germany • Italy • Japan • Soviet Union (Nazi-Soviet Pact) • United States Land Conquered by Axis • Belgium • Poland • Netherlands • Latvia • France • Lithuania • Manchuria • Estonia • Egypt • Finish land around Stalingrad Allied Powers • France (Surrendered) • Great Britain • Belgium Internment = Imprisonment! • Look at the map on Pg. 650 • In pairs: – List areas held by Axis Powers – Develop a method to defeat the Axis Powers Japan & Germany •Both conquered people slaves Nazi Attitudes •“New Order” •Many groups were “inferior” •“Master Race” Final Solution •Program to kill all European Jews •Death camps •Holocaust Section 4: Pg. 648 THE ALLIES ARE VICTORIOUS June 1942: Battle of Midway Turn in Axis Control • Destroyed Japanese ships = US navy matched strength July 1942: Battle for Stalingrad • Germany went after resources in Caucasus Mountains and pounded the city in the process. • Hitler would not let Germans retreat and they would surrender. Oct. 1943: Battles in North Africa • Germany/ Italy pushed towards Suez Canal. • Britain held their ground. • On to Italy Invasion of Italy Interactive Map Allied Offensive June 6, 1944: D-Day D-Day Beaches Video Push to Victory • Led by General Eisenhower • Opened 2nd Front • Took time to assemble all equipment and train troops • Largest Sea Land invasion July 1944: Allied armor divisions broke through German lines and went towards Paris. August 25, 1944: Paris liberated • Troops went toward Berlin Yalta Conference Feb. 1945: Discussed peace terms – Who was there? • Great Britain • United States • Russia • Control Eastern Europe • How to keep peace World Press Providing the best news from anywhere, at anytime. - Since 1802 Allies Won Against Germany! Victory in Europe Day Germany Surrenders! May 8, 1945: Soviet troops entered Berlin. Germany forces in Italy gave up in late April. A few days ago, Hitler committed suicide. Mussolini has already been captured and shot by Italians. See story on AI Death of Franklin D. Roosevelt commitments over Poland. Vice President April 12, 1945: The president's attending cardiologist, Dr. Howard Bruenn, diagnosed a massive cerebral hemorrhage (stroke). At 3:35 p.m. that day, Roosevelt had just finished attending the Yalta conference. He then met with Egyptian leader and even wrote an upsetting letter against Stalin for not abiding by the Yalta in as the President Harry S. Truman has already been sworn of the United States. Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin at the Yalta Conference. Victory in Japan! • General Douglas MacArthur “island hopping” • Plans laid out to attack Japan • Truman against attack – Wanted to avoid invasion – Atomic bomb Atomic Bomb Video World Press Providing the best news from anywhere, at anytime. - Since 1802 World War II OVER! Victory in Japan Day Japan Surrenders August 10, 1945: The Japanese surrendered after the Soviets invaded the Japanese-held areas of Korea and Manchuria the day before. Japan did not surrender because of this Soviet action, but we feel this will have implications for years to come. An ATOMIC Bomb was used to end the war. August 6, 1945: 20,000 tons of dynamite destroyed most of the Japanese city of Hiroshima. More than 160,000 people are either dead or wounded. Hiroshima and Nagasaki Destroyed!! August 9, 1945: Another bomb was dropped on Nagasaki, Japan. Human Costs *30 Million civilian lives lost *50 Million lost overall *More deaths than any war in history so far Economic Costs *Armament and military costs totaling $1 trillion *More property destroyed than in any war in history so far