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World War II (1939-1945) Chapter 26 Seeds of World War II • Treaty of Versailles • Great Depression • League of Nations • Appeasement • Military buildup • Leaders Fascist dictators Benito Mussolini & Adolf Hitler Rise of Adolf Hitler • 1933- Hitler became Chancellor of • 1) 2) 3) 4) Germany Hitler’s goals: Lebensraum rearmament racial purity economic recovery Nazi Party • 100k members in 1929/ over a million by end of 1933 • Unemployment- 6 mil in 1932 / 500k in 1937 Path to War & appeasement • 1935- Hitler renounces Treaty - builds air force & military • 1936- Hitler sends troops into Rhineland 1938- Germany annexes Austria • Hitler announces plans to annex Northern Czechoslovakia Munich Conference, 1938 • allies give in to Hitler’s demand - Chamberlain states: “peace in our time” - Hitler takes rest of Czech state - failure of appeasement 1939 • nonaggression pact • Pact of Steel • defense pact Out break of WWII • Hitler invades Poland (9.1.1939)/ Blitzkrieg • Britain & France declare war on Germany Hitler invades France (May 1940) ©2004 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning™ is a trademark used herein under license. Hitler invades France (May 1940) • France falls in 6 weeks (6.22.1940) • British evacuate Dunkirk (330k) Militarism in Japan Japan aggression in Asia • 1937- invaded China - U.S. threatens economically / L.O.N. Militarism in Japan (continue) • 1940- Japan invades Indochina - conquered Thailand, Burma & Philippines (1940) Japanese Empire Battle of Britain, August 1940 • air invasion of Britain • Luftwaffe • 12k tons of bombs dropped in cities • Outcome Royal Air Force Operation Barbarossa June 22, 1941 • Hitler postpones invasion of Britain • turns to Russia (lebensraum) Soviet Union Germany 3.5 million • 5 million Troops 2,770 • 8,000 Air Craft 3,300 • 24,000 Tanks 7,000 • 20,000 Guns • Hitler believed he could defeat soviet union in 6 weeks. Why? Stalingrad: Turning point in the east ©2004 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning™ is a trademark used herein under license. America in WWII • US policy of isolation - neutrality laws • Did America’s neutrality appease aggressors? Pearl Harbor (p. 678) • How was Japanese expansion curved by U.S. presence in pacific? • When does US neutrality comes to an end? • What happened at Pearl Harbor? • What was Japan’s misfortune? • What happened on December 8? “I fear all we have done is awaken the sleeping giant and filled him with terrible resolve”-Yamamota Pearl Harbor (continue) • US entrance is turning point of WWII • America’s two front war Japanese internment camps Women at work WWII, pg 688-89 Rosie the riveter A real “Rosie” at work Battle of Midway • June 1942- Pacific war • U.S. naval success • destroyed 4 Japanese carriers • Japan’s empire begins to shrink Operation Overlord D-Day June 6, 1944 • Long awaited 2nd front - Eisenhower • Goal • History’s greatest naval invasion - Higgins boat - weather D-Day (continue) • costly and successful attack • 2 million troops in France within 3 months • Paris liberated by August, 1944 • Importance of eastern front Hitler’s last attempt • Battle of the Bulge • Largest land battle • • • involving U.S. 500k Americans (200k causalities) Germany begins to retreat End of Nazi Germany • German army collapses (03/1945) • Allies occupy Berlin (04/1945) • Hitler’s death (4.30.1945) • Germany surrenders (5.5.45) Collapse of Germany May 7, 1945 End of Japan’s Pacific Empire • • • Philippines (1945) Empire collapses/ no retreat no surrender FDR dies/ Truman/ Abomb US demands Japan’s surrender - consequences of ground invasion - decision to use Atomic bomb ©2004 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning™ is a trademark used herein under license. • US takes Iwo Jima & Atomic Bomb • Aug 6, 1945- A-bomb dropped on Hiroshima • Aug 8- Sovs invade Manchuria • Aug 9- A-bomb on Nagasaki V-J DAY • Aug 15- Japan surrenders/ V-J Day • WWII over Post WWII • Over 100 million causalities • Over 50 million deaths • Yalta Conference, 1945 • Germany divided • United Nations created The big “three” at the Yalta Conference (Feb, 1945) Conclusion of WWII • Most devastating war in history • Over 50 million killed in 6 years (20 million plus in Soviet Union) • Underlying cause of WWII? • WWII ends - Cold War begins Holocaust • Hitler believed that Jews, Gypsies, Negroes, and Homosexuals were all parasites trying to destroy the Aryan race. Holocaust • 1933- Hitler in Power - Nuremberg laws (1935) • Jan 1939- “Madagascar Solution” - Jewish refugees turned away • 1.20.1941- “Final Solution” • - {extermination} - graves of Soviet Union & Poland - concentration camps 1. Auschwitz (poison gas / cremation) Holocaust (continue) • Medical experiments • 6 million Jews killed (90% of German Jews) • 2 out of 3 European Jews killed during Holocaust • 4 million Gypsies & other minorities killed Nazi death camp • They came for the Communists, and I didn't object - For I wasn't a Communist; They came for the Socialists, and I didn't object - For I wasn't a Socialist; They came for the labor leaders, and I didn't object - For I wasn't a labor leader; They came for the Jews, and I didn't object - For I wasn't a Jew; Then they came for me - And there was no one left to object. • - Martin Niemoller, German Protestant Pastor, 1892-1984